Configure bash

.bash_login

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Executed by bash when a login shell starts
+
+# Mimic bash's default behavior explicitly 
+if [ -f "$HOME/.profile" ]; then
+    source "$HOME/.profile"
+else
+    source "$HOME/.bashrc"
+fi

.bash_logout

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Executed by bash when a login shell exits
+
+# Clear the screen to increase privacy
+if [ "$SHLVL" = 1 ]; then
+    [ -x /usr/bin/clear ] && /usr/bin/clear || [ -x /usr/bin/clear_console ] && /usr/bin/clear_console -q
+fi

.bash_profile

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Executed by bash when a login shell starts
+
+# Mimic bash's default behavior explicitly
+if [ -f "$HOME/.bash_login" ]; then
+    source "$HOME/.bash_login"
+elif [ -f "$HOME/.profile" ]; then
+    source "$HOME/.profile"
+else
+    source "$HOME/.bashrc"
+fi

.bashrc

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+# Executed by bash when a (non-)login shell starts
+
+
+# Ensure bash is running interactively
+[[ $- != *i* ]] && return
+
+
+
+# Enable XON/XOFF software flow control
+stty -ixon
+
+# Report status of background jobs immediately
+set -o notify
+# Show number of running jobs when exiting a shell
+shopt -s checkjobs
+
+# Just type the directory to cd into it
+shopt -s autocd
+# Correct minor spelling mistakes with cd
+shopt -s cdspell
+
+# Include hidden files in * glob expansion
+shopt -s dotglob
+shopt -s extglob
+# Expand ** into (recursive) directories
+shopt -s globstar
+# Ignore case when * expanding
+shopt -s nocaseglob
+
+# Update $ROWS and $COLUMNS after each command
+shopt -s checkwinsize
+
+
+
+# Set these environment variables here (and not in ~/.profile)
+# due to conflict/overlap with zsh
+export HISTFILE="$HOME/.bash_history"
+export HISTSIZE=999999      # number of lines kept in memory
+export HISTFILESIZE=999999  # number of lines kept in $HISTFILE
+
+# Ignore commands prefixed with a space,
+# and ones entered identically just before
+# (this mimics zsh's default behavior)
+export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
+
+# Remember multi-line commands in history as one command
+shopt -s cmdhist
+# Do not overwrite .bash_history file
+shopt -s histappend
+# Allow re-editing a failed history substitution
+shopt -s histreedit
+# Store multi-line commands in history without semicolons
+shopt -s lithist
+
+
+
+# Initialize various utilities and aliases
+source "$HOME/.config/shell/utils.sh"
+source "$HOME/.config/shell/aliases.sh"
+
+
+
+# Enable programmable completion features
+if ! shopt -oq posix; then
+    if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
+        source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
+    elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
+        source /etc/bash_completion
+    fi
+fi
+
+# Add tab completion for all aliases to commands with completion functions
+# (must come after bash completions have been set up)
+# Source: https://superuser.com/a/437508
+_alias_completion() {
+    local namespace="alias_completion"
+    # parse function based completion definitions, where capture group 2 => function and 3 => trigger
+    local compl_regex='complete( +[^ ]+)* -F ([^ ]+) ("[^"]+"|[^ ]+)'
+    # parse alias definitions, where capture group 1 => trigger, 2 => command, 3 => command arguments
+    local alias_regex="alias ([^=]+)='(\"[^\"]+\"|[^ ]+)(( +[^ ]+)*)'"
+    # create array of function completion triggers, keeping multi-word triggers together
+    eval "local completions=($(complete -p | sed -Ene "/$compl_regex/s//'\3'/p"))"
+    (( ${#completions[@]} == 0 )) && return 0
+    # create temporary file for wrapper functions and completions
+    rm -f "/tmp/${namespace}-*.tmp" # preliminary cleanup
+    local tmp_file; tmp_file="$(mktemp "/tmp/${namespace}-${RANDOM}XXX.tmp")" || return 1
+    local completion_loader; completion_loader="$(complete -p -D 2>/dev/null | sed -Ene 's/.* -F ([^ ]*).*/\1/p')"
+    # read in "<alias> '<aliased command>' '<command args>'" lines from defined aliases
+    local line; while read line; do
+        eval "local alias_tokens; alias_tokens=($line)" 2>/dev/null || continue # some alias arg patterns cause an eval parse error
+        local alias_name="${alias_tokens[0]}" alias_cmd="${alias_tokens[1]}" alias_args="${alias_tokens[2]# }"
+        # skip aliases to pipes, boolean control structures and other command lists
+        # (leveraging that eval errs out if $alias_args contains unquoted shell metacharacters)
+        eval "local alias_arg_words; alias_arg_words=($alias_args)" 2>/dev/null || continue
+        # avoid expanding wildcards
+        read -a alias_arg_words <<< "$alias_args"
+        # skip alias if there is no completion function triggered by the aliased command
+        if [[ ! " ${completions[*]} " =~ " $alias_cmd " ]]; then
+            if [[ -n "$completion_loader" ]]; then
+                # force loading of completions for the aliased command
+                eval "$completion_loader $alias_cmd"
+                # 124 means completion loader was successful
+                [[ $? -eq 124 ]] || continue
+                completions+=($alias_cmd)
+            else
+                continue
+            fi
+        fi
+        local new_completion="$(complete -p "$alias_cmd")"
+        # create a wrapper inserting the alias arguments if any
+        if [[ -n $alias_args ]]; then
+            local compl_func="${new_completion/#* -F /}"; compl_func="${compl_func%% *}"
+            # avoid recursive call loops by ignoring our own functions
+            if [[ "${compl_func#_$namespace::}" == $compl_func ]]; then
+                local compl_wrapper="_${namespace}::${alias_name}"
+                    echo "function $compl_wrapper {
+                        (( COMP_CWORD += ${#alias_arg_words[@]} ))
+                        COMP_WORDS=($alias_cmd $alias_args \${COMP_WORDS[@]:1})
+                        (( COMP_POINT -= \${#COMP_LINE} ))
+                        COMP_LINE=\${COMP_LINE/$alias_name/$alias_cmd $alias_args}
+                        (( COMP_POINT += \${#COMP_LINE} ))
+                        $compl_func
+                    }" >> "$tmp_file"
+                    new_completion="${new_completion/ -F $compl_func / -F $compl_wrapper }"
+            fi
+        fi
+        # replace completion trigger by alias
+        new_completion="${new_completion% *} $alias_name"
+        echo "$new_completion" >> "$tmp_file"
+    done < <(alias -p | sed -Ene "s/$alias_regex/\1 '\2' '\3'/p")
+    source "$tmp_file" && \rm -f "$tmp_file"
+}; _alias_completion
+
+
+
+# Mimic zsh's PowerLevel10k
+
+if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
+    _debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
+fi
+
+_prompt_git() {  # Show a git repo's state
+    local out ref uncommited unstaged untracked ahead behind
+    # Check if the pwd contains a git repository and exit early if it does not
+    ref=$(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref --symbolic-full-name HEAD 2> /dev/null)
+    [ "$ref" == "" ] && return
+    # Check if the current HEAD is detached or reachable by a ref
+    printf "\033[0;37m "
+    if [ "$ref" == "HEAD" ]; then
+        ref=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)
+        printf "@"
+    fi
+    printf "\033[0;32m$ref\033[0m"
+    # Indicate if local is ahead and/or behind upstream
+    ahead=0
+    behind=0
+    git status 2>/dev/null | (
+        while read -r line ; do
+            case "$line" in
+                 *'diverged'*)  # For simplicity, a diverged local branch is
+                     ahead=1 ; behind=1 ; break ; ;;  # indicated as being
+                 *'ahead'*)     # both ahead and behind its upstream
+                     ahead=1 ; ;;
+                 *'behind'*)
+                     behind=1 ; ;;
+            esac
+        done
+
+        if [ $ahead -gt 0 ] && [ $behind -gt 0 ]; then
+            printf "\033[0;32m <>\033[0m"
+        elif [ $ahead -gt 0 ]; then
+            printf "\033[0;32m >\033[0m"
+        elif [ $behind -gt 0 ]; then
+            printf "\033[0;32m <\033[0m"
+        fi
+    )
+    # Indicate stashed files with a *
+    [ "$(git stash list 2> /dev/null)" != "" ] && printf "\033[0;32m *\033[0m"
+    # Indicate uncommited/staged with a +
+    git diff-index --cached --exit-code --quiet HEAD -- 2> /dev/null
+    [ $? -gt 0 ] && printf "\033[0;33m +\033[0m"
+    # Indicate unstaged with a !
+    git diff-files --exit-code --quiet 2> /dev/null
+    [ $? -gt 0 ] && printf "\033[0;33m !\033[0m"
+    # Indicate untracked files with a ?
+    if [ "$(git ls-files --exclude-standard --others 2> /dev/null)" != "" ]; then
+        printf "\033[0;34m ?\033[0m"
+    fi
+}
+
+_prompt_jobs() {  # Indicate running background jobs with a"%"
+      local running
+      (( $(jobs -rp | wc -l) )) && printf "\033[0;32m %\033[0m"
+}
+
+PS1='${chroot:+($_debian_chroot)}\w$(_prompt_git)$(_prompt_jobs) > '
+PS2='... '

.config/shell/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Shell-related Configuration
+
+This folder contains further files that are sourced by `bash`.

.config/shell/aliases.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+# Shell aliases for bash
+
+
+_command_exists() {
+    command -v "$1" 1>/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+
+
+# Re-run last command with sudo privileges
+alias ,,='sudo $(history -p !!)'
+
+
+# (Non-)obvious synonyms
+alias cls='clear'
+alias help='man'
+
+
+# Avoid bad mistakes and show what happens
+alias cp="cp --interactive --verbose"
+alias ln='ln --interactive --verbose'
+alias mv='mv --interactive --verbose'
+alias rm='rm -I --preserve-root --verbose'
+
+
+# Make working with files more convenient
+
+# Faster directory switching
+alias cd..='cd ..'
+alias ..='cd ..'
+alias ...='cd ../..'
+alias ....='cd ../../..'
+alias .....='cd ../../../..'
+
+# Convenient defaults
+alias mkdir='mkdir -p'
+alias md='mkdir'
+alias rmdir='rmdir --parents --verbose'
+alias rd='rmdir'
+
+# Convenient grepping
+alias grep='grep --color=auto --exclude-dir={.cache,\*.egg-info,.git,.nox,.tox,.venv}'
+alias egrep='egrep --color=auto --exclude-dir={.cache,\*.egg-info,.git,.nox,.tox,.venv}'
+alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto --exclude-dir={.cache,*.egg-info,.git,.nox,.tox,.venv}'
+
+# Convenient searching
+alias fdir='find . -type d -name'
+alias ffile='find . -type f -name'
+
+# Convenient listings
+alias ls='ls --classify --color=auto --group-directories-first --human-readable --no-group --time-style=long-iso'
+alias la='ls --almost-all'
+alias lal='la -l'
+alias ll='ls -l'
+alias l.='ls --directory .*'
+alias ll.='l. -l'
+
+# More convenience with various other file-related utilities
+alias df='df --human-readable'
+alias du='du --human-readable'
+alias diff='diff --color=auto --unified'
+_command_exists colordiff && alias diff='colordiff --unified'
+alias free='free --human --total'
+alias less='less --chop-long-lines --ignore-case --LONG-PROMPT --no-init --status-column --quit-if-one-screen'
+alias more='less'
+alias tree='tree -C --dirsfirst'
+
+
+# Various one-line utilities
+alias datetime='date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z (%Z)"'
+alias datetime-iso='date --iso-8601=seconds'
+alias dotfiles='git --git-dir=$HOME/.dotfiles/ --work-tree=$HOME'
+alias external-ip="curl https://icanhazip.com"
+alias external-ip-alt="curl https://ipinfo.io/ip\?token=cfd78a97e15ebf && echo"
+alias external-ip-extended-infos="curl https://ipinfo.io/json\?token=cfd78a97e15ebf && echo"
+alias speedtest="curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sivel/speedtest-cli/22210ca35228f0bbcef75a7c14587c4ecb875ab4/speedtest.py | python -"
+
+
+# Fix common typos
+_command_exists ifconfig && alias ipconfig='ifconfig'
+_command_exists R && alias r='R'
+
+
+# Use sane defaults
+_command_exists exa && alias exa='exa --group-directories-first --git --time-style=long-iso'
+_command_exists netstat && alias ports='netstat -tulanp'
+_command_exists screenfetch && alias screenfetch='screenfetch -n'
+alias uptime='uptime --pretty'
+alias wget='wget --continue'
+
+
+# Create shorter aliases for various utilities
+_command_exists batcat && alias bat='batcat'
+_command_exists fdfind && alias fd='fdfind'
+_command_exists neofetch && alias nf='neofetch'
+_command_exists ranger && alias rn='ranger'
+_command_exists screenfetch && alias sf='screenfetch'

.config/shell/utils.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+# This file initializes the shell and provides various utility functions
+
+
+_command_exists() {
+    command -v "$1" 1>/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+
+
+# Configure the keyboard:
+#  - make right alt and menu keys the compose key, e.g., for umlauts
+#  - make caps lock a ctrl modifier and Esc key
+setxkbmap us -option 'compose:menu,compose:ralt,caps:ctrl_modifier'
+_command_exists xcape && xcape -e "Caps_Lock=Escape"
+
+
+
+# ==============================
+# Working with files and folders
+# ==============================
+
+
+# List the $PATH variable, one element per line
+# (if an argument is passed, grep for it)
+path() {
+    if [ -n "$1" ]; then
+        echo $PATH | perl -p -e 's/:/\n/g;' | grep -i "$1"
+    else
+        echo $PATH | perl -p -e 's/:/\n/g;'
+    fi
+}
+
+
+# Show folders by size
+disk-usage() {
+    if [ -n "$1" ]; then
+        _dest="$1"
+    else
+        _dest=.
+    fi
+    \du --human-readable --max-depth=1 $_dest 2>/dev/null | sort --human-numeric-sort --reverse
+}
+
+
+# Search all files in a directory and its children
+lsgrep() {
+    ls --almost-all --directory . ./**/* | uniq | grep --color=auto -i "$*"
+}
+
+# Make a directory and cd there
+mcd() {
+    test -n "$1" || return
+    mkdir -p "$1" && cd "$1" || return
+}
+
+
+# Extract any compressed archive or file
+extract() {
+    if [ -f "$1" ] ; then
+        case "$1" in
+            *.tar.bz2) tar xjvf "$1" ;;
+            *.tar.gz)  tar xzvf "$1" ;;
+            *.tar.xz)  tar xvf "$1" ;;
+            *.bz2)     bzip2 -d "$1" ;;
+            *.gz)      gunzip "$1" ;;
+            *.tar)     tar xf "$1" ;;
+            *.tbz2)    tar xjf "$1" ;;
+            *.tgz)     tar xzf "$1" ;;
+            *.zip)     unzip "$1" ;;
+            *.Z)       uncompress "$1" ;;
+            *.7z)      7z x "$1" ;;
+            *)         echo "'$1' cannot be extracted automatically" ;;
+        esac
+    else
+        echo "'$1' is not a file"
+    fi
+}
+
+mktar() {  # out of a directory
+    tar cvzf "${1%%/}.tar.gz" "${1%%/}/"
+}
+
+mkzip() {  # out of a file or directory
+    zip -r "${1%%/}.zip" "$1"
+}
+
+
+
+# =================================
+# Creating random login credentials
+# =================================
+
+
+genpw() {
+    PARSED=$(getopt --quiet --options=acn: --longoptions=alphanum,clip,chars: -- "$@")
+    eval set -- "$PARSED"
+    SYMBOLS='--symbols'
+    CHARS=30
+    XCLIP=false
+    while true; do
+        case "$1" in
+            -a|--alphanum)
+                SYMBOLS=''
+                shift
+                ;;
+            -c|--clip)
+                XCLIP=true
+                shift
+                ;;
+            -n|--chars)
+                CHARS=$2
+                shift 2
+                ;;
+            --)
+                shift
+                break
+                ;;
+            *)
+                break
+                ;;
+        esac
+    done
+    PW=$(pwgen --ambiguous --capitalize --numerals --secure $SYMBOLS --remove-chars="|/\\\"\`\'()[]{}<>^~@§$\#" $CHARS 1)
+    if [[ $XCLIP == true ]]; then
+        echo $PW | xclip -selection c
+    else
+        echo $PW
+    fi
+}
+
+alias genpw-alphanum='pwgen --ambiguous --capitalize --numerals --secure 30 1'
+
+
+# Random email addresses that look like "normal" ones
+genemail() {
+    PARSED=$(getopt --quiet --options=c --longoptions=clip -- "$@")
+    eval set -- "$PARSED"
+    XCLIP=false
+    while true; do
+        case "$1" in
+            -c|--clip)
+                XCLIP=true
+                shift
+                ;;
+            --)
+                shift
+                break
+                ;;
+            *)
+                break
+                ;;
+        esac
+    done
+    FIRST=$(shuf -i 4-5 -n 1)
+    LAST=$(shuf -i 8-10 -n 1)
+
+    if _command_exists gpw; then
+        USER="$(gpw 1 $FIRST).$(gpw 1 $LAST)@webartifex.biz"
+    else
+        # Fallback that looks a bit less "normal"
+        USER="$(pwgen --no-capitalize --no-numerals --secure $FIRST 1).$(pwgen --no-capitalize --no-numerals --secure $LAST 1)@webartifex.biz"
+    fi
+
+    if [[ $XCLIP == true ]]; then
+        echo $USER | xclip -selection c
+    else
+        echo $USER
+    fi
+}
+
+
+
+# =============================
+# Automate the update machinery
+# =============================
+
+
+_update_apt() {
+    _command_exists apt || return
+
+    echo 'Updating apt packages'
+    sudo apt update
+    sudo apt upgrade
+    sudo apt autoremove
+    sudo apt autoclean
+}
+
+_update_dnf() {
+    _command_exists dnf || return
+
+    echo 'Updating dnf packages'
+    sudo dnf upgrade --refresh
+    sudo dnf autoremove
+    sudo dnf clean all
+}
+
+_remove_old_snaps() {
+    sudo snap list --all | awk "/disabled/{print $1, $3}" |
+        while read snapname revision; do
+            sudo snap remove "$snapname" --revision="$revision"
+        done
+}
+
+
+# Update local git repositories (mostly ~/repos)
+_update_repositories() {
+    echo 'Updating repositories'
+
+    cwd=$(pwd)
+    cd $REPOS
+
+    for dir in */; do
+        cd "$REPOS/$dir" && echo "Fetching $REPOS/$dir"
+        git fetch --all --prune
+    done
+
+    _command_exists pass && echo "Fetching $HOME/.password-store" && pass git pull
+    _update_dotfiles
+
+    cd $cwd
+}
+
+# Update the ~/.dotfiles repository
+_update_dotfiles() {
+    echo "Fetching $HOME/.dotfiles"
+    # The `dotfiles` alias is defined in ~/.bashrc at the end of the
+    # "Shell Utilities & Aliases" section and can NOT be used here
+    git --git-dir=$HOME/.dotfiles/ --work-tree=$HOME stash --quiet 
+    git --git-dir=$HOME/.dotfiles/ --work-tree=$HOME fetch --all --prune
+    git --git-dir=$HOME/.dotfiles/ --work-tree=$HOME pull --rebase --quiet
+    git --git-dir=$HOME/.dotfiles/ --work-tree=$HOME stash pop  # --quiet is ignored
+}
+
+
+update-machine() {
+    sudo --validate || return
+
+    _update_apt
+    _update_dnf
+    _command_exists flatpak && sudo flatpak update -y
+    _command_exists snap && sudo snap refresh && _remove_old_snaps
+    _update_repositories
+
+    sudo --reset-timestamp
+}
+
+
+
+# =======================
+# Various other Utilities
+# =======================
+
+
+# List all internal IPs
+internal-ips() {
+    if _command_exists ifconfig; then
+        ifconfig | awk '/inet /{ gsub(/addr:/, ""); print $2 }'
+    else
+        echo 'ifconfig not installed'
+    fi
+}
+
+
+# Obtain a weather report
+weather() {
+    if [ -n "$1" ]; then
+        curl "v1.wttr.in/$1"
+    else
+        curl 'v1.wttr.in'
+    fi
+}

.profile

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Executed by a login shell (e.g., bash, sh, or zsh) during start-up
+
+
+export PAGER='less --chop-long-lines --ignore-case --LONG-PROMPT --no-init --status-column --quit-if-one-screen'
+export TERM=xterm-256color
+export TZ='Europe/Berlin'
+
+export REPOS="$HOME/repos"
+
+export LESSHISTFILE="$HOME/.lesshst"
+
+
+
+prepend-to-path () {  # if not already there
+    if [ -d "$1" ] ; then
+        case :$PATH: in
+            *:$1:*) ;;
+            *) PATH=$1:$PATH ;;
+        esac
+    fi
+}
+
+prepend-to-path "$HOME/bin"
+prepend-to-path "$HOME/.local/bin"
+
+
+
+# Shell-specific stuff
+
+# Source ~/.bashrc if we are running inside a bash shell
+# because it is NOT automatically sourced by bash
+if [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then
+    if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then
+        source "$HOME/.bashrc"
+    fi
+fi