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Merge in "01-elements"

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Merge branch "01-elements" into "develop"

Summary of the merged in commits:
 * b41c5b5: Adjust content overview in README.md
 * d90d90e: Add review and exercises for notebook 01
 * 3ee72c0: Add review and exercises for notebook 00
 * 387708f: Adjust content overview in notebook 00
 * b538275: Add initial version of notebook 01
This commit is contained in:
Alexander Hess 2019-09-19 16:22:49 +02:00
commit 7d3641282e
5 changed files with 4406 additions and 30 deletions
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51
00_start_up.ipynb
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@ -295,15 +295,7 @@
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Hello world\n"
]
}
],
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"print(\"Hello world\")"
]
@ -316,7 +308,7 @@
}
},
"source": [
"Sometimes a code cell starts with an exclamation mark `!`. Then, the Jupyter notebook behaves as if you just typed the following commands right into a terminal. The cell below asks `python` to show its version number. This is actually *not* Python code but a command in the [Shell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script) language. The `!` is useful to execute short commands without leaving a Jupyter notebook."
"Sometimes a code cell starts with an exclamation mark `!`. Then, the Jupyter notebook behaves as if you just typed the following command right into a terminal. The cell below asks `python` to show its version number. This is actually *not* Python code but a command in the [Shell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script) language. The `!` is useful to execute short commands without leaving a Jupyter notebook."
]
},
{
@ -671,7 +663,7 @@
}
},
"source": [
"### The ABC Rule"
"### ABC Rule"
]
},
{
@ -728,7 +720,7 @@
}
},
"source": [
"### Phase Iteration - The $\\pi$ Rule"
"### Phase Iteration"
]
},
{
@ -756,7 +748,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
"slide_type": "skip"
}
},
"source": [
@ -767,39 +759,38 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
"slide_type": "skip"
}
},
"source": [
"**Part 1: Expressing Logic**\n",
"\n",
"- What is a programming language?\n",
" 1. Structure of a Program\n",
"- What kind of words exist?\n",
" 2. Variables, Expressions, Statements, & Comments\n",
" 3. Functions\n",
"- How can we form sentences from words?\n",
" 4. Conditionals\n",
" 5. Iteration"
"- What is a programming language? What kind of words exist?\n",
" 1. Elements of a Program\n",
" 2. Functions & Modularization\n",
"- What is the flow of execution? How can we form sentences from words?\n",
" 3. Boolean Logic & Conditionals\n",
" 4. Recursion & Looping"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
"slide_type": "skip"
}
},
"source": [
"**Part 2: Managing Data**\n",
"**Part 2: Managing Data and Memory**\n",
"\n",
"- How is data stored in memory?\n",
" 6. Numbers\n",
" 7. Text\n",
" 8. Sequences\n",
" 9. Mappings & Sets\n",
" 5. Numbers\n",
" 6. Text\n",
" 7. Sequences\n",
" 8. Mappings & Sets\n",
" 9. Arrays\n",
"- How can we create our own data types?\n",
" 10. Classes & Instances"
" 10. Object-Orientation"
]
},
{
@ -821,7 +812,7 @@
}
},
"source": [
"As with every good lecture, there always has to be a [xkcd](https://xkcd.com/353/) comic somewhere."
"As with every good lecture, there has to be a [xkcd](https://xkcd.com/353/) comic somewhere."
]
},
{

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00_start_up_review_and_exercises.ipynb Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Chapter 0: Start up"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Content Review"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Read chapter 0 of the book. Then work through the ten review questions."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Essay Questions "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Answer the following questions briefly with *at most* 300 characters per question!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q1**: Describe the difference between the terms *programming* and *computer science*!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q2**: Explain what is a *pull request* and elaborate how this concept fits to a *distributed* organization of work!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q3**: In what sense are open-source communities democracies? How are they near-\"perfect\" [meritocracies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meritocracy)? How is open-source software development similar to academia?"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q4**: What is a major advantage of a \"slow\" programming language like Python over a faster one like C?"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### True / False Questions"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Motivate your answer with *one short* sentence!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q5**: Python has been the fastest growing *major* programming language in recent years."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q6**: Python is named after a snake to emphasize its agility and fast development speed right in its name."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q7**: Python was originally designed for highly intensive numerical computing, in particular for use cases from physics and astronomy."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q8**: JavaScript is a special subset of the Java language."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q9**: Python is *free software*. That means it will never cost anything."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q10**: The main purpose of PEPs is to regulate how code should be documented and/or styled."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## \"Coding\" Exercises"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Mastering Markdown"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Briefly review GitHub's guide on [Mastering Markdown](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/) and create nicely formatted \"text\" cells below!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q11**: Check the latest [Bundesliga standings](https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/table) and provide a table of the top three teams with the following four columns: rank, team name, games played, and points scored. Render the rank in **bold**, make the team name a clickable link (to the team's website), and put both the games played and points scored in *italics*. The header row should be visually different from the three rows with the teams' information."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q12**: The quote \"Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school\" is attributed to Albert Einstein. Use a special Markdown syntax to display the author and his quote appropriately!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q13**: Integrate this image (https://i.ytimg.com/vi/-BoSRlzy9c4/maxresdefault.jpg) of the delicious dessert **milk rice** into this notebook."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.7.3"
},
"toc": {
"base_numbering": 1,
"nav_menu": {},
"number_sections": false,
"sideBar": true,
"skip_h1_title": true,
"title_cell": "Table of Contents",
"title_sidebar": "Contents",
"toc_cell": false,
"toc_position": {},
"toc_section_display": false,
"toc_window_display": false
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 2
}

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@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"\n",
"# Chapter 1: Elements of a Program"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Content Review"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Read chapter 1 of the book. Then work through the ten review questions."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Essay Questions "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Answer the following questions briefly with *at most* 300 characters per question!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q1**: Elaborate on how **modulo division** might be a very useful operation to know!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q2**: What is a **dynamically typed** language? How does it differ from a **statically typed** language? What does that mean for Python?"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q3**: Why is it useful to start counting at $0$?"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q4**: What is **operator overloading**?"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q5**: What are the basic **naming conventions** for variables? What happens if a name collides with one of Python's [keywords](https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#keywords)?"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q6**: Advocates of the [functional programming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming) paradigm suggest not to use **mutable** data types in a program. What are the advantages of that approach? What might be a downside?"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### True / False Questions"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Motivate your answer with *one short* sentence!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q7**: \"**dunder**\" refers to a group of Australian (\"down under\") geeks that work on core Python."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q8**: The **Zen of Python** has a high opinion on Indian genius programmers."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q9**: When NASA famously converted some measurements to the wrong unit and lost a Mars satellite in 1999 ([source](https://www.wired.com/2010/11/1110mars-climate-observer-report/)), this is an example of a so-called **runtime error**."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q10**: [PEP 8](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/) suggests that developers use **$8$ spaces** per level of indentation."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Coding Exercises"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Printing Output"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q11.1**: Read about the [print()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) built-in. How can you use it to print both `greeting` and `audience` *without* concatenating the two strings with the `+` operator?\n",
"\n",
"Hint: The `*objects` in the documentation implies that we can insert several comma-seperated variables."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"greeting = \"Hello\"\n",
"audience = \"World\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"print(...)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q11.2**: What does the `sep=\" \"` mean in the documentation? Use it to print out the three names in `first`, `second`, and `third` on one line seperated by commas with one [print()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) statement."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"first = \"Anthony\"\n",
"second = \"Berta\"\n",
"third = \"Christian\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"print(...)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q11.3**: Lastly, what does the `end=\"\\n\"` mean in the documentation? Use it in the `for`-loop to print the numbers $1$ through $10$ in just one line."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"for number in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]:\n",
" print(...)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Fizz Buzz"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The kids game [Fizz Buzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz) is said to be often used in job interviews for entry level positions. However, opinions vary as to how good of a test it actually is ([source](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16446774)).\n",
"\n",
"In its simplest form, a group of people start counting upwards in an alternating fashion. Whenever a number is divisible by $3$, the person must say \"Fizz\" instead of the number. The same holds for numbers divisible by $5$ when the person must say \"Buzz\". If a number is divisible by both numbers, one must say \"FizzBuzz\". Probably, this game would also make a good drinking game with the \"right\" beverages.\n",
"\n",
"With just Chapter 1, we actually do not yet know all of Python's language constructs we need to write an implementation of Fizz Buzz in a Pythonic way. Yet, we will tweak what we know a bit and make it work."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q11.1**: First, create a list `numbers` with the numbers from $1$ through $100$. You could type all numbers manually but there is of course a smarter way. The built-in [range()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-range) may be useful here. Read how it works in the documentation. To make the output of [range()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-range) a `list` object, you have to \"wrap\" it with the [list()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-list) built-in (i.e., `list(range(...))`)."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"numbers = ..."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q11.2**: Loop over the `numbers` list and replace numbers for which one of the two (or both) conditions apply with text strings `\"Fizz\"`, `\"Buzz\"`, or `\"FizzBuzz\"` using the indexing operator `[...]` and the assignment statement `=`. In the chapter we saw that Python starts indexing with `0` as the first element. So in each iteration of the `for`-loop you have to determine the *index* as well as checking the actual `number`.\n",
"\n",
"Also note that for numbers divisible by both $3$ and $5$ we need some sort of a \"third\" condition check: As we only know about the `if` statement so far (and have not heard about `elif` and `else` from Chapter 3), there will be three `if` statements in total within the loop. And the order of them matters!\n",
"\n",
"Hint: Is there a single condition that checks for both $3$ and $5$?"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"for number in numbers:\n",
" ..."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q11.3**: Create a loop that prints out either the number or any of the Fizz Buzz substitutes. Do it in such a way that we do not end up with $100$ lines of output here."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"for number in numbers:\n",
" ..."
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.7.3"
},
"toc": {
"base_numbering": 1,
"nav_menu": {},
"number_sections": false,
"sideBar": true,
"skip_h1_title": true,
"title_cell": "Table of Contents",
"title_sidebar": "Contents",
"toc_cell": false,
"toc_position": {},
"toc_section_display": false,
"toc_window_display": false
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 2
}

1
README.md
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@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ science professionals and researchers.
As such they can be viewed in a plain web browser:
- [00 - Start up](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/00_start_up.ipynb)
- [01 - Elements of a Program](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/01_elements_of_a_program.ipynb)
However, it is recommended that students **install Python and Jupyter
locally** and run the code in the notebooks on their own.