From d90d90ecbb09e3cda9bb875e5227f6a4fe19d7ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexander Hess <alexander@webartifex.biz>
Date: Thu, 19 Sep 2019 16:05:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Add review and exercises for notebook 01
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+{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "\n",
+ "# Chapter 1: Elements of a Program"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Content Review"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Read chapter 1 of the book. Then work through the ten review questions."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Essay Questions "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Answer the following questions briefly with *at most* 300 characters per question!"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "**Q1**: Elaborate on how **modulo division** might be a very useful operation to know!"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ " "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "**Q2**: What is a **dynamically typed** language? How does it differ from a **statically typed** language? What does that mean for Python?"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ " "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "**Q3**: Why is it useful to start counting at $0$?"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ " "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "**Q4**: What is **operator overloading**?"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ " "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "**Q5**: What are the basic **naming conventions** for variables? What happens if a name collides with one of Python's [keywords](https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#keywords)?"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ " "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "**Q6**: Advocates of the [functional programming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming) paradigm suggest not to use **mutable** data types in a program. What are the advantages of that approach? What might be a downside?"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ " "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### True / False Questions"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Motivate your answer with *one short* sentence!"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "**Q7**: \"**dunder**\" refers to a group of Australian (\"down under\") geeks that work on core Python."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ " "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "**Q8**: The **Zen of Python** has a high opinion on Indian genius programmers."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ " "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "**Q9**: When NASA famously converted some measurements to the wrong unit and lost a Mars satellite in 1999 ([source](https://www.wired.com/2010/11/1110mars-climate-observer-report/)), this is an example of a so-called **runtime error**."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ " "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "**Q10**: [PEP 8](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/) suggests that developers use **$8$ spaces** per level of indentation."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ " "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Coding Exercises"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Printing Output"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "**Q11.1**: Read about the [print()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) built-in. How can you use it to print both `greeting` and `audience` *without* concatenating the two strings with the `+` operator?\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Hint: The `*objects` in the documentation implies that we can insert several comma-seperated variables."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "greeting = \"Hello\"\n",
+ "audience = \"World\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "print(...)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "**Q11.2**: What does the `sep=\" \"` mean in the documentation? Use it to print out the three names in `first`, `second`, and `third` on one line seperated by commas with one [print()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) statement."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "first = \"Anthony\"\n",
+ "second = \"Berta\"\n",
+ "third = \"Christian\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "print(...)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "**Q11.3**: Lastly, what does the `end=\"\\n\"` mean in the documentation? Use it in the `for`-loop to print the numbers $1$ through $10$ in just one line."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "for number in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]:\n",
+ " print(...)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Fizz Buzz"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "The kids game [Fizz Buzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz) is said to be often used in job interviews for entry level positions. However, opinions vary as to how good of a test it actually is ([source](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16446774)).\n",
+ "\n",
+ "In its simplest form, a group of people start counting upwards in an alternating fashion. Whenever a number is divisible by $3$, the person must say \"Fizz\" instead of the number. The same holds for numbers divisible by $5$ when the person must say \"Buzz\". If a number is divisible by both numbers, one must say \"FizzBuzz\". Probably, this game would also make a good drinking game with the \"right\" beverages.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "With just Chapter 1, we actually do not yet know all of Python's language constructs we need to write an implementation of Fizz Buzz in a Pythonic way. Yet, we will tweak what we know a bit and make it work."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "**Q11.1**: First, create a list `numbers` with the numbers from $1$ through $100$. You could type all numbers manually but there is of course a smarter way. The built-in [range()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-range) may be useful here. Read how it works in the documentation. To make the output of [range()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-range) a `list` object, you have to \"wrap\" it with the [list()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-list) built-in (i.e., `list(range(...))`)."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "numbers = ..."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "**Q11.2**: Loop over the `numbers` list and replace numbers for which one of the two (or both) conditions apply with text strings `\"Fizz\"`, `\"Buzz\"`, or `\"FizzBuzz\"` using the indexing operator `[...]` and the assignment statement `=`. In the chapter we saw that Python starts indexing with `0` as the first element. So in each iteration of the `for`-loop you have to determine the *index* as well as checking the actual `number`.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Also note that for numbers divisible by both $3$ and $5$ we need some sort of a \"third\" condition check: As we only know about the `if` statement so far (and have not heard about `elif` and `else` from Chapter 3), there will be three `if` statements in total within the loop. And the order of them matters!\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Hint: Is there a single condition that checks for both $3$ and $5$?"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "for number in numbers:\n",
+ " ..."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "**Q11.3**: Create a loop that prints out either the number or any of the Fizz Buzz substitutes. Do it in such a way that we do not end up with $100$ lines of output here."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "for number in numbers:\n",
+ " ..."
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python 3",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "python3"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 3
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+ "version": "3.7.3"
+ },
+ "toc": {
+ "base_numbering": 1,
+ "nav_menu": {},
+ "number_sections": false,
+ "sideBar": true,
+ "skip_h1_title": true,
+ "title_cell": "Table of Contents",
+ "title_sidebar": "Contents",
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+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 2
+}