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Make links look nice with images

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- rename all *_00_lecture.ipynb files into *_00_content.ipynb
- add links to YouTube videos at the end of the chapters
- add links to mybinder for all chapters and exercises
- remove the old chapter 8 on mappings & sets
- update the README.md and make it look nicer
This commit is contained in:
Alexander Hess 2020-04-02 15:49:27 +02:00
parent a49b0307a0
commit e1a0dd7924
38 changed files with 5445 additions and 14063 deletions
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165
00_intro_00_lecture.ipynb → 00_intro_00_content.ipynb
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4
00_intro_01_review.ipynb
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The questions below assume that you have read [Chapter 0](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/00_intro_00_lecture.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"The questions below assume that you have read [Chapter 0 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/00_intro_00_content.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"\n",
"Be concise in your answers! Most questions can be answered in *one* sentence."
]
@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q3**: In what sense are **open-source** communities democracies? How are they near-perfect [meritocracies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meritocracy)? How is open-source software development similar to academia?"
"**Q3**: In what sense are **open-source** communities democracies? How are they near-perfect [meritocracies <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meritocracy)? How is open-source software development similar to academia?"
]
},
{

15
00_intro_02_exercises.ipynb
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@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Important**: Click on \"*Kernel*\" > \"*Restart Kernel and Run All*\" *after* finishing the exercises in [JupyterLab <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_jp.png\">](https://jupyterlab.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) (e.g., in the cloud on [MyBinder <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_mb.png\">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/00_intro_02_exercises.ipynb)) to ensure that your solution runs top to bottom *without* any errors"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
@ -18,7 +25,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The exercises below assume that you have read [Chapter 0](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/00_introduction_00_lecture.ipynb) in the book."
"The exercises below assume that you have read [Chapter 0 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/00_introduction_00_content.ipynb) in the book."
]
},
{
@ -46,7 +53,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
" < your answer >"
]
},
{
@ -60,7 +67,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
" < your answer >"
]
},
{
@ -74,7 +81,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
" < your answer >"
]
}
],

811
01_elements_00_lecture.ipynb → 01_elements_00_content.ipynb
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8
01_elements_01_review.ipynb
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The questions below assume that you have read [Chapter 1](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/01_elements_00_lecture.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"The questions below assume that you have read [Chapter 1 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/01_elements_00_content.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"\n",
"Be concise in your answers! Most questions can be answered in *one* sentence."
]
@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q5**: What are the basic **naming conventions** for variables? What happens if a name collides with one of Python's [keywords](https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#keywords)?"
"**Q5**: What are the basic **naming conventions** for variables? What happens if a name collides with one of Python's [keywords <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#keywords)?"
]
},
{
@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q6**: Advocates of the [functional programming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming) paradigm suggest not to use **mutable** data types in a program. What are the advantages of that approach? What might be a downside?"
"**Q6**: Advocates of the [functional programming <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming) paradigm suggest not to use **mutable** data types in a program. What are the advantages of that approach? What might be a downside?"
]
},
{
@ -174,7 +174,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q10**: [PEP 8](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/) suggests that developers use **8 spaces** per level of indentation."
"**Q10**: [PEP 8 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/) suggests that developers use **8 spaces** per level of indentation."
]
},
{

37
01_elements_02_exercises.ipynb
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@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Important**: Click on \"*Kernel*\" > \"*Restart Kernel and Run All*\" *after* finishing the exercises in [JupyterLab <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_jp.png\">](https://jupyterlab.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) (e.g., in the cloud on [MyBinder <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_mb.png\">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/01_elements_02_exercises.ipynb)) to ensure that your solution runs top to bottom *without* any errors"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
@ -18,7 +25,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The exercises below assume that you have read [Chapter 1](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/01_elements_00_lecture.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"The exercises below assume that you have read [Chapter 1 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/01_elements_00_content.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"\n",
"The `...`'s in the code cells indicate where you need to fill in code snippets. The number of `...`'s within a code cell give you a rough idea of how many lines of code are needed to solve the task. You should not need to create any additional code cells for your final solution. However, you may want to use temporary code cells to try out some ideas."
]
@ -34,7 +41,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q1.1**: *Concatenate* `greeting` and `audience` below with the `+` operator and print out the resulting message `\"Hello World\"` with only *one* call of the built-in [print()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) function!\n",
"**Q1.1**: *Concatenate* `greeting` and `audience` below with the `+` operator and print out the resulting message `\"Hello World\"` with only *one* call of the built-in [print() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) function!\n",
"\n",
"Hint: You may have to \"add\" a space character in between `greeting` and `audience`."
]
@ -76,9 +83,9 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q1.3**: Read the documentation on the built-in [print()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) function! How can you print the above message *without* concatenating `greeting` and `audience` first in *one* call of [print()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print)?\n",
"**Q1.3**: Read the documentation on the built-in [print() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) function! How can you print the above message *without* concatenating `greeting` and `audience` first in *one* call of [print() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print)?\n",
"\n",
"Hint: The `*objects` in the documentation implies that we can put several *expressions* (i.e., variables) separated by commas within the same call of the [print()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) function."
"Hint: The `*objects` in the documentation implies that we can put several *expressions* (i.e., variables) separated by commas within the same call of the [print() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) function."
]
},
{
@ -108,7 +115,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q1.5**: What does the `sep=\" \"` mean in the documentation on the built-in [print()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) function? Adjust and use it to print out the three names referenced by `first`, `second`, and `third` on *one* line separated by *commas* with only *one* call of the [print()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) function!"
"**Q1.5**: What does the `sep=\" \"` mean in the documentation on the built-in [print() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) function? Adjust and use it to print out the three names referenced by `first`, `second`, and `third` on *one* line separated by *commas* with only *one* call of the [print() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) function!"
]
},
{
@ -135,7 +142,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q1.6**: Lastly, what does the `end=\"\\n\"` mean in the documentation? Adjust and use it within the `for`-loop to print the numbers `1` through `10` on *one* line with only *one* call of the [print()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) function!"
"**Q1.6**: Lastly, what does the `end=\"\\n\"` mean in the documentation? Adjust and use it within the `for`-loop to print the numbers `1` through `10` on *one* line with only *one* call of the [print() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) function!"
]
},
{
@ -159,7 +166,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The [volume of a sphere](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere) is defined as $\\frac{4}{3} * \\pi * r^3$.\n",
"The [volume of a sphere <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere) is defined as $\\frac{4}{3} * \\pi * r^3$.\n",
"\n",
"**Q2.1**: Calculate it for `r = 2.88` and approximate $\\pi$ with `pi = 3.14`!"
]
@ -284,7 +291,7 @@
"source": [
"`for`-loops are extremely versatile in Python. That is different from many other programming languages.\n",
"\n",
"As shown in the first example in [Chapter 1](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/01_elements_00_lecture.ipynb#Example:-Averaging-all-even-Numbers-in-a-List), we can create a `list` like `numbers` and loop over the numbers in it on a one-by-one basis."
"As shown in the first example in [Chapter 1 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/01_elements_00_content.ipynb#Example:-Averaging-all-even-Numbers-in-a-List), we can create a `list` like `numbers` and loop over the numbers in it on a one-by-one basis."
]
},
{
@ -300,7 +307,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q3.1**: Fill in the *condition* of the `if` statement such that only numbers divisible by `3` are printed! Adjust the call of the [print()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) function such that the `for`-loop prints out all the numbers on *one* line of output!"
"**Q3.1**: Fill in the *condition* of the `if` statement such that only numbers divisible by `3` are printed! Adjust the call of the [print() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) function such that the `for`-loop prints out all the numbers on *one* line of output!"
]
},
{
@ -340,7 +347,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"An easy way to loop over a `list` object in a sorted manner, is to wrap it with the built-in [sorted()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#sorted) function.\n",
"An easy way to loop over a `list` object in a sorted manner, is to wrap it with the built-in [sorted() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#sorted) function.\n",
"\n",
"**Q3.3**: Fill in the condition of the `if` statement such that only odd numbers are printed out! Put all the numbers on *one* line of output!"
]
@ -360,11 +367,11 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Whenever we want to loop over numbers representing a [series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_%28mathematics%29) in the mathematical sense (i.e., a rule to calculate the next number from its predecessor), we may be able to use the [range()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-range) built-in.\n",
"Whenever we want to loop over numbers representing a [series <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_%28mathematics%29) in the mathematical sense (i.e., a rule to calculate the next number from its predecessor), we may be able to use the [range() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-range) built-in.\n",
"\n",
"For example, to loop over the whole numbers from `0` to `9` (both including) in order, we could write them out in a `list` like below.\n",
"\n",
"**Q3.4**: Fill in the call to the [print()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) function such that all the numbers are printed on *one* line ouf output!"
"**Q3.4**: Fill in the call to the [print() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) function such that all the numbers are printed on *one* line ouf output!"
]
},
{
@ -381,7 +388,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q3.5**: Read the documentation on the [range()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-range) built-in! It may be used with either one, two, or three expressions \"passed\" in. What do `start`, `stop`, and `step` mean? Fill in the calls to [range()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-range) and [print()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) to mimic the output of **Q3.4**!"
"**Q3.5**: Read the documentation on the [range() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-range) built-in! It may be used with either one, two, or three expressions \"passed\" in. What do `start`, `stop`, and `step` mean? Fill in the calls to [range() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-range) and [print() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) to mimic the output of **Q3.4**!"
]
},
{
@ -398,7 +405,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q3.6**: Fill in the calls to [range()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-range) and [print()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) to print out *all* numbers from `1` to `10` (both including)!"
"**Q3.6**: Fill in the calls to [range() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-range) and [print() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) to print out *all* numbers from `1` to `10` (both including)!"
]
},
{
@ -415,7 +422,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q3.7**: Fill in the calls to [range()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-range) and [print()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) to print out the *even* numbers from `1` to `10` (both including)! Do *not* use an `if` statement to accomplish this!"
"**Q3.7**: Fill in the calls to [range() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-range) and [print() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) to print out the *even* numbers from `1` to `10` (both including)! Do *not* use an `if` statement to accomplish this!"
]
},
{

1110
02_functions_00_lecture.ipynb → 02_functions_00_content.ipynb
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4
02_functions_01_review.ipynb
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The questions below assume that you have read [Chapter 2](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/02_functions_00_lecture.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"The questions below assume that you have read [Chapter 2 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/02_functions_00_content.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"\n",
"Be concise in your answers! Most questions can be answered in *one* sentence."
]
@ -188,7 +188,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q11**: The [standard library](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html) is a collection of numerical tools often used in scientific computing, for example, advanced mathematical functions or utilities for simulation."
"**Q11**: The [standard library <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html) is a collection of numerical tools often used in scientific computing, for example, advanced mathematical functions or utilities for simulation."
]
},
{

15
02_functions_02_exercises.ipynb
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@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Important**: Click on \"*Kernel*\" > \"*Restart Kernel and Run All*\" *after* finishing the exercises in [JupyterLab <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_jp.png\">](https://jupyterlab.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) (e.g., in the cloud on [MyBinder <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_mb.png\">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/02_functions_02_exercises.ipynb)) to ensure that your solution runs top to bottom *without* any errors"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
@ -18,7 +25,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The exercises below assume that you have read [Chapter 2](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/02_functions_00_lecture.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"The exercises below assume that you have read [Chapter 2 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/02_functions_00_content.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"\n",
"The `...`'s in the code cells indicate where you need to fill in code snippets. The number of `...`'s within a code cell give you a rough idea of how many lines of code are needed to solve the task. You should not need to create any additional code cells for your final solution. However, you may want to use temporary code cells to try out some ideas."
]
@ -34,7 +41,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q1**: The [volume of a sphere](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere) is defined as $\\frac{4}{3} * \\pi * r^3$. Calculate this value for $r=10.0$ and round it to 10 digits after the comma. Use the [standard library](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html) to obtain a good approximation of $\\pi$."
"**Q1**: The [volume of a sphere <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere) is defined as $\\frac{4}{3} * \\pi * r^3$. Calculate this value for $r=10.0$ and round it to 10 digits after the comma. Use the [standard library <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html) to obtain a good approximation of $\\pi$."
]
},
{
@ -170,9 +177,9 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q5**: Using the [range()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-range) built-in, write a `for`-loop and calculate the volume of a sphere with `radius = 42.0` for all `digits` from `1` through `20`. Print out each volume on a separate line.\n",
"**Q5**: Using the [range() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-range) built-in, write a `for`-loop and calculate the volume of a sphere with `radius = 42.0` for all `digits` from `1` through `20`. Print out each volume on a separate line.\n",
"\n",
"Note: This is the first task where you need to use the built-in [print()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) function."
"Note: This is the first task where you need to use the built-in [print() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) function."
]
},
{

827
03_conditionals_00_lecture.ipynb → 03_conditionals_00_content.ipynb
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2
03_conditionals_01_review.ipynb
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The questions below assume that you have read [Chapter 3](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/03_conditionals_00_lecture.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"The questions below assume that you have read [Chapter 3 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/03_conditionals_00_content.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"\n",
"Be concise in your answers! Most questions can be answered in *one* sentence."
]

15
03_conditionals_02_exercises.ipynb
View file

@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Important**: Click on \"*Kernel*\" > \"*Restart Kernel and Run All*\" *after* finishing the exercises in [JupyterLab <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_jp.png\">](https://jupyterlab.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) (e.g., in the cloud on [MyBinder <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_mb.png\">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/03_conditionals_02_exercises.ipynb)) to ensure that your solution runs top to bottom *without* any errors"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
@ -18,7 +25,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The exercises below assume that you have read [Chapter 3](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/03_conditionals_00_lecture.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"The exercises below assume that you have read [Chapter 3 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/03_conditionals_00_content.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"\n",
"The `...`'s in the code cells indicate where you need to fill in code snippets. The number of `...`'s within a code cell give you a rough idea of how many lines of code are needed to solve the task. You should not need to create any additional code cells for your final solution. However, you may want to use temporary code cells to try out some ideas."
]
@ -178,7 +185,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The kids game [Fizz Buzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz) is said to be often used in job interviews for entry-level positions. However, opinions vary as to how good of a test it is (cf., [source](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16446774)).\n",
"The kids game [Fizz Buzz <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz) is said to be often used in job interviews for entry-level positions. However, opinions vary as to how good of a test it is (cf., [source <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_hn.png\">](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16446774)).\n",
"\n",
"In its simplest form, a group of people starts counting upwards in an alternating fashion. Whenever a number is divisible by $3$, the person must say \"Fizz\" instead of the number. The same holds for numbers divisible by $5$ when the person must say \"Buzz.\" If a number is divisible by both numbers, one must say \"FizzBuzz.\" Probably, this game would also make a good drinking game with the \"right\" beverages."
]
@ -187,7 +194,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q2.1**: First, create a list `numbers` with the numbers from 1 through 100. You could type all numbers manually, but there is, of course, a smarter way. The built-in [range()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-range) may be useful here. Read how it works in the documentation. To make the output of [range()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-range) a `list` object, you have to wrap it with the [list()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-list) built-in (i.e., `list(range(...))`)."
"**Q2.1**: First, create a list `numbers` with the numbers from 1 through 100. You could type all numbers manually, but there is, of course, a smarter way. The built-in [range() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-range) may be useful here. Read how it works in the documentation. To make the output of [range() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-range) a `list` object, you have to wrap it with the [list() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-list) built-in (i.e., `list(range(...))`)."
]
},
{
@ -205,7 +212,7 @@
"source": [
"**Q2.2**: Loop over the `numbers` list and *replace* numbers for which one of the two (or both) conditions apply with text strings `\"Fizz\"`, `\"Buzz\"`, or `\"FizzBuzz\"` using the indexing operator `[]` and the assignment statement `=`.\n",
"\n",
"In [Chapter 1](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/01_elements_00_lecture.ipynb#Who-am-I?-And-how-many?), we saw that Python starts indexing with `0` as the first element. Keep that in mind.\n",
"In [Chapter 1 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/01_elements_00_content.ipynb#Who-am-I?-And-how-many?), we saw that Python starts indexing with `0` as the first element. Keep that in mind.\n",
"\n",
"So in each iteration of the `for`-loop, you have to determine an `index` variable as well as check the actual `number` for its divisors.\n",
"\n",

713
04_iteration_00_lecture.ipynb → 04_iteration_00_content.ipynb
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2
04_iteration_01_review.ipynb
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The questions below assume that you have read [Chapter 4](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/04_iteration_00_lecture.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"The questions below assume that you have read [Chapter 4 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/04_iteration_00_content.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"\n",
"Be concise in your answers! Most questions can be answered in *one* sentence."
]

25
04_iteration_02_exercises.ipynb
View file

@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Important**: Click on \"*Kernel*\" > \"*Restart Kernel and Run All*\" *after* finishing the exercises in [JupyterLab <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_jp.png\">](https://jupyterlab.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) (e.g., in the cloud on [MyBinder <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_mb.png\">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/04_iteration_02_exercises.ipynb)) to ensure that your solution runs top to bottom *without* any errors"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
@ -18,7 +25,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The exercises below assume that you have read the \"*Recursion*\" part in [Chapter 4](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/04_iteration_00_lecture.ipynb) of the book.\n",
"The exercises below assume that you have read the \"*Recursion*\" part in [Chapter 4 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/04_iteration_00_content.ipynb) of the book.\n",
"\n",
"The `...`'s in the code cells indicate where you need to fill in code snippets. The number of `...`'s within a code cell give you a rough idea of how many lines of code are needed to solve the task. You should not need to create any additional code cells for your final solution. However, you may want to use temporary code cells to try out some ideas."
]
@ -34,7 +41,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"A popular example of a problem that is solved by recursion art the **[Towers of Hanoi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_Hanoi)**.\n",
"A popular example of a problem that is solved by recursion art the **[Towers of Hanoi <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_Hanoi)**.\n",
"\n",
"In its basic version, a tower consisting of, for example, four disks with increasing radii, is placed on the left-most of **three** adjacent spots. In the following, we refer to the number of disks as $n$, so here $n = 4$.\n",
"\n",
@ -43,7 +50,7 @@
"1. Disks can only be moved individually, and\n",
"2. a disk with a larger radius must *never* be placed on a disk with a smaller one.\n",
"\n",
"Although the **[Towers of Hanoi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_Hanoi)** are a **classic** example, introduced by the mathematician [Édouard Lucas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Lucas) already in 1883, it is still **actively** researched as this scholarly [article](https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S1793830919300017?journalCode=dmaa&) published in January 2019 shows.\n",
"Although the **[Towers of Hanoi <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_Hanoi)** are a **classic** example, introduced by the mathematician [Édouard Lucas <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Lucas) already in 1883, it is still **actively** researched as this scholarly [article](https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S1793830919300017?journalCode=dmaa&) published in January 2019 shows.\n",
"\n",
"Despite being so easy to formulate, the game is quite hard to solve.\n",
"\n",
@ -117,7 +124,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q3**: The **[Towers of Hanoi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_Hanoi)** problem is of **exponential growth**. What does that mean? What does that imply for large $n$?"
"**Q3**: The **[Towers of Hanoi <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_Hanoi)** problem is of **exponential growth**. What does that mean? What does that imply for large $n$?"
]
},
{
@ -266,7 +273,7 @@
"source": [
"**Q7**: `sol()` calls itself *two* more times with the correct 2-tuples chosen from the three available spots `origin`, `intermediate`, and `destination`.\n",
"\n",
"*In between* the two recursive function calls, use [print()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) to print out from where to where the \"remaining and largest\" disk has to be moved!"
"*In between* the two recursive function calls, use [print() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) to print out from where to where the \"remaining and largest\" disk has to be moved!"
]
},
{
@ -372,7 +379,7 @@
"\n",
"Figure out how the arguments are passed on in the two recursive `hanoi()` calls and finish `hanoi()`.\n",
"\n",
"Hint: Do not forget to use [print()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) to print out the moves!"
"Hint: Do not forget to use [print() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) to print out the moves!"
]
},
{
@ -498,7 +505,7 @@
"source": [
"**Q13**: Complete the two recursive function calls with the same arguments as in `hanoi()`! Do *not* change the already filled in `offset` arguments!\n",
"\n",
"Then, adjust the use of [print()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) from above to print out the moves with their order number!"
"Then, adjust the use of [print() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) from above to print out the moves with their order number!"
]
},
{
@ -548,7 +555,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Lastly, it is to be mentioned that for problem instances with a small `n_disks` argument, it is easier to collect all the moves first in a `list` object and then add the order number with the [enumerate()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#enumerate) built-in."
"Lastly, it is to be mentioned that for problem instances with a small `n_disks` argument, it is easier to collect all the moves first in a `list` object and then add the order number with the [enumerate() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#enumerate) built-in."
]
},
{
@ -562,7 +569,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q15**: Conducting your own research on the internet, what can you say about generalizing the **[Towers of Hanoi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_Hanoi)** problem to a setting with *more than three* landing spots?"
"**Q15**: Conducting your own research on the internet, what can you say about generalizing the **[Towers of Hanoi <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_Hanoi)** problem to a setting with *more than three* landing spots?"
]
},
{

21
04_iteration_03_exercises.ipynb
View file

@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Important**: Click on \"*Kernel*\" > \"*Restart Kernel and Run All*\" *after* finishing the exercises in [JupyterLab <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_jp.png\">](https://jupyterlab.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) (e.g., in the cloud on [MyBinder <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_mb.png\">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/04_iteration_03_exercises.ipynb)) to ensure that your solution runs top to bottom *without* any errors"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
@ -18,7 +25,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The exercises below assume that you have read the \"*Looping*\" part in [Chapter 4](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/04_iteration_00_lecture.ipynb) of the book.\n",
"The exercises below assume that you have read the \"*Looping*\" part in [Chapter 4 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/04_iteration_00_content.ipynb) of the book.\n",
"\n",
"The `...`'s in the code cells indicate where you need to fill in code snippets. The number of `...`'s within a code cell give you a rough idea of how many lines of code are needed to solve the task. You should not need to create any additional code cells for your final solution. However, you may want to use temporary code cells to try out some ideas."
]
@ -34,9 +41,9 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"In this exercise, you will model the throwing of dice within the context of a guessing game similar to the one shown in the \"*Example: Guessing a Coin Toss*\" section in [Chapter 4](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/04_iteration_00_lecture.ipynb#Example:-Guessing-a-Coin-Toss).\n",
"In this exercise, you will model the throwing of dice within the context of a guessing game similar to the one shown in the \"*Example: Guessing a Coin Toss*\" section in [Chapter 4 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/04_iteration_00_content.ipynb#Example:-Guessing-a-Coin-Toss).\n",
"\n",
"As the game involves randomness, we import the [random](https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html) module from the [standard library](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html). To follow best practices, we set the random seed as well."
"As the game involves randomness, we import the [random <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html) module from the [standard library <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html). To follow best practices, we set the random seed as well."
]
},
{
@ -79,7 +86,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q2**: What function from the [random](https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html) module that we have seen already is useful for modeling a single throw of the `fair_die`? Write a simple expression (i.e., one function call) that draws one of the equally likely sides! Execute the cell a couple of times to \"see\" the probability distribution!"
"**Q2**: What function from the [random <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html) module that we have seen already is useful for modeling a single throw of the `fair_die`? Write a simple expression (i.e., one function call) that draws one of the equally likely sides! Execute the cell a couple of times to \"see\" the probability distribution!"
]
},
{
@ -124,9 +131,9 @@
"source": [
"`throws` contains the simulation results as absolute counts.\n",
"\n",
"**Q4**: Complete the `for`-loop below to convert the counts in `throws` to relative frequencies stored in a `list` called `frequencies`! Round the frequencies to three decimals with the built-in [round()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#round) function!\n",
"**Q4**: Complete the `for`-loop below to convert the counts in `throws` to relative frequencies stored in a `list` called `frequencies`! Round the frequencies to three decimals with the built-in [round() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#round) function!\n",
"\n",
"Hints: Initialize `frequencies` just as `throws` above. How many iterations does the `for`-loop have? `6` or `100000`? You may want to obtain an `index` variable with the [enumerate()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#enumerate) built-in."
"Hints: Initialize `frequencies` just as `throws` above. How many iterations does the `for`-loop have? `6` or `100000`? You may want to obtain an `index` variable with the [enumerate() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#enumerate) built-in."
]
},
{
@ -206,7 +213,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q8**: The built-in [input()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#input) allows us to ask the user to enter a `guess`. What is the data type of the object returned by [input()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#input)? Assume the user enters the `guess` as a number (i.e., \"1\", \"2\", ...) and not as a text (e.g., \"one\")."
"**Q8**: The built-in [input() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#input) allows us to ask the user to enter a `guess`. What is the data type of the object returned by [input() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#input)? Assume the user enters the `guess` as a number (i.e., \"1\", \"2\", ...) and not as a text (e.g., \"one\")."
]
},
{

2887
05_numbers_00_lecture.ipynb → 05_numbers_00_content.ipynb
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18
05_numbers_01_review.ipynb
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The questions below assume that you have read [Chapter 5](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/05_numbers_00_lecture.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"The questions below assume that you have read [Chapter 5 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/05_numbers_00_content.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"\n",
"Be concise in your answers! Most questions can be answered in *one* sentence."
]
@ -69,9 +69,9 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q3**: Colors are commonly expressed in the **hexadecimal system** in websites (cf., the [HTML](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML) and [CSS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets) formats).\n",
"**Q3**: Colors are commonly expressed in the **hexadecimal system** in websites (cf., the [HTML <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML) and [CSS <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets) formats).\n",
"\n",
"For example, $#000000$, $#ff9900$, and $#ffffff$ turn out to be black, orange, and white. The six digits are read in *pairs of two* from left to right, and the *three pairs* correspond to the proportions of red, green, and blue mixed together. They reach from $0_{16} = 0_{10}$ for $0$% to $\\text{ff}_{16} = 255_{10}$ for $100$% (cf., this [article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB_color_model) for an in-depth discussion).\n",
"For example, $#000000$, $#ff9900$, and $#ffffff$ turn out to be black, orange, and white. The six digits are read in *pairs of two* from left to right, and the *three pairs* correspond to the proportions of red, green, and blue mixed together. They reach from $0_{16} = 0_{10}$ for $0$% to $\\text{ff}_{16} = 255_{10}$ for $100$% (cf., this [article <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB_color_model) for an in-depth discussion).\n",
"\n",
"In percent, what are the proportions of red, green, and blue that make up orange? Calculate the three percentages separately! How many **bytes** are needed to encode a color? How many **bits** are that?"
]
@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q7**: What data type, built-in or from the [standard library](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html), is best suited to represent the [transcendental numbers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_number) $\\pi$ and $\\text{e}$?"
"**Q7**: What data type, built-in or from the [standard library <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html), is best suited to represent the [transcendental numbers <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_number) $\\pi$ and $\\text{e}$?"
]
},
{
@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q10**: With the built-in [round()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#round) function, we obtain a *precise* representation for any `float` object if we can live with *less than* $15$ digits of precision."
"**Q10**: With the built-in [round() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#round) function, we obtain a *precise* representation for any `float` object if we can live with *less than* $15$ digits of precision."
]
},
{
@ -213,7 +213,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q12**: The [IEEE 754](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_754) standard's **special values** provide no benefit in practice as we could always use a **[sentinel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentinel_value)** value (i.e., a \"dummy\"). For example, instead of `nan`, we can always use `0` to indicate a *missing* value."
"**Q12**: The [IEEE 754 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_754) standard's **special values** provide no benefit in practice as we could always use a **[sentinel <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentinel_value)** value (i.e., a \"dummy\"). For example, instead of `nan`, we can always use `0` to indicate a *missing* value."
]
},
{
@ -258,7 +258,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q15**: From a practitioner's point of view, the built-in [format()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#format) function does the *same* as the built-in [round()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#round) function."
"**Q15**: From a practitioner's point of view, the built-in [format() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#format) function does the *same* as the built-in [round() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#round) function."
]
},
{
@ -272,7 +272,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q16**: The `Decimal` type from the [decimal](https://docs.python.org/3/library/decimal.html) module in the [standard library](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html) allows us to model the set of the real numbers $\\mathbb{R}$ *precisely*."
"**Q16**: The `Decimal` type from the [decimal <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/decimal.html) module in the [standard library <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html) allows us to model the set of the real numbers $\\mathbb{R}$ *precisely*."
]
},
{
@ -286,7 +286,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q17**: The `Fraction` type from the [fractions](https://docs.python.org/3/library/fractions.html) module in the [standard library](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html) allows us to model the set of the rational numbers $\\mathbb{Q}$ *precisely*."
"**Q17**: The `Fraction` type from the [fractions <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/fractions.html) module in the [standard library <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html) allows us to model the set of the rational numbers $\\mathbb{Q}$ *precisely*."
]
},
{

35
05_numbers_02_exercises.ipynb
View file

@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Important**: Click on \"*Kernel*\" > \"*Restart Kernel and Run All*\" *after* finishing the exercises in [JupyterLab <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_jp.png\">](https://jupyterlab.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) (e.g., in the cloud on [MyBinder <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_mb.png\">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/05_numbers_02_exercises.ipynb)) to ensure that your solution runs top to bottom *without* any errors"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
@ -18,7 +25,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The exercises below assume that you have read [Chapter 5](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/05_numbers_00_lecture.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"The exercises below assume that you have read [Chapter 5 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/05_numbers_00_content.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"\n",
"The `...`'s in the code cells indicate where you need to fill in code snippets. The number of `...`'s within a code cell give you a rough idea of how many lines of code are needed to solve the task. You should not need to create any additional code cells for your final solution. However, you may want to use temporary code cells to try out some ideas."
]
@ -34,13 +41,13 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The \"*Volume of a Sphere*\" problem in [Chapter 2's Exercises](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/02_functions_02_exercises.ipynb#Volume-of-a-Sphere) section revealed that we must consider the effects of the `float` type's imprecision.\n",
"The \"*Volume of a Sphere*\" problem in [Chapter 2's Exercises <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/02_functions_02_exercises.ipynb#Volume-of-a-Sphere) section revealed that we must consider the effects of the `float` type's imprecision.\n",
"\n",
"This becomes even more important when we deal with numeric data modeling accounting or finance data (cf., [this comment](https://stackoverflow.com/a/24976426) on \"falsehoods programmers believe about money\").\n",
"This becomes even more important when we deal with numeric data modeling accounting or finance data (cf., [this comment <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_so.png\">](https://stackoverflow.com/a/24976426) on \"falsehoods programmers believe about money\").\n",
"\n",
"In addition to the *inherent imprecision* of numbers in general, the topic of **[rounding numbers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding)** is also not as trivial as we might expect! [This article](https://realpython.com/python-rounding/) summarizes everything the data science practitioner needs to know.\n",
"In addition to the *inherent imprecision* of numbers in general, the topic of **[rounding numbers <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding)** is also not as trivial as we might expect! [This article](https://realpython.com/python-rounding/) summarizes everything the data science practitioner needs to know.\n",
"\n",
"In this exercise, we revisit the \"*Discounting Customer Orders*\" problem from [Chapter 3's Exercises](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/03_conditionals_02_exercises.ipynb#Discounting-Customer-Orders) section and make the `discounted_price()` function work *correctly* for real-life sales data."
"In this exercise, we revisit the \"*Discounting Customer Orders*\" problem from [Chapter 3's Exercises <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/03_conditionals_02_exercises.ipynb#Discounting-Customer-Orders) section and make the `discounted_price()` function work *correctly* for real-life sales data."
]
},
{
@ -88,7 +95,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q2**: The built-in [round()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#round) function implements the \"**[round half to even](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_to_even)**\" strategy. Describe in one or two sentences what that means!"
"**Q2**: The built-in [round() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#round) function implements the \"**[round half to even <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_to_even)**\" strategy. Describe in one or two sentences what that means!"
]
},
{
@ -102,9 +109,9 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q3**: For the revised `discounted_price()` function, we have to tackle *two* issues: First, we have to replace the built-in `float` type with a data type that allows us to control the precision. Second, the discounted price should be rounded according to a more human-friendly rounding strategy, namely \"**[round half away from zero](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero)**.\"\n",
"**Q3**: For the revised `discounted_price()` function, we have to tackle *two* issues: First, we have to replace the built-in `float` type with a data type that allows us to control the precision. Second, the discounted price should be rounded according to a more human-friendly rounding strategy, namely \"**[round half away from zero <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero)**.\"\n",
"\n",
"Describe in one or two sentences how \"**[round half away from zero](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero)**\" is more in line with how humans think of rounding!"
"Describe in one or two sentences how \"**[round half away from zero <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero)**\" is more in line with how humans think of rounding!"
]
},
{
@ -118,9 +125,9 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q4**: We use the `Decimal` type from the [decimal](https://docs.python.org/3/library/decimal.html) module in the [standard library](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html) to tackle *both* issues simultaneously.\n",
"**Q4**: We use the `Decimal` type from the [decimal <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/decimal.html) module in the [standard library <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html) to tackle *both* issues simultaneously.\n",
"\n",
"Assign `euro` a numeric object such that both `Decimal(\"1.5\")` and `Decimal(\"2.5\")` are rounded to `Decimal(\"2\")` (i.e., no decimal) with the [quantize()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/decimal.html#decimal.Decimal.quantize) method!"
"Assign `euro` a numeric object such that both `Decimal(\"1.5\")` and `Decimal(\"2.5\")` are rounded to `Decimal(\"2\")` (i.e., no decimal) with the [quantize() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/decimal.html#decimal.Decimal.quantize) method!"
]
},
{
@ -163,9 +170,9 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q5**: Obviously, the two preceding code cells still [round half to even](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_to_even).\n",
"**Q5**: Obviously, the two preceding code cells still [round half to even <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_to_even).\n",
"\n",
"The [decimal](https://docs.python.org/3/library/decimal.html) module defines a `ROUND_HALF_UP` flag that we can pass as the second argument to the [quantize()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/decimal.html#decimal.Decimal.quantize) method. Then, it [rounds half away from zero](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero).\n",
"The [decimal <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/decimal.html) module defines a `ROUND_HALF_UP` flag that we can pass as the second argument to the [quantize() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/decimal.html#decimal.Decimal.quantize) method. Then, it [rounds half away from zero <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero).\n",
"\n",
"Add `ROUND_HALF_UP` to the code cells! `Decimal(\"2.5\")` should now be rounded to `Decimal(\"3\")`."
]
@ -226,7 +233,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q7**: Rewrite the function `discounted_price()` from [Chapter 3's Exercises](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/03_conditionals_02_exercises.ipynb#Discounting-Customer-Orders) section!\n",
"**Q7**: Rewrite the function `discounted_price()` from [Chapter 3's Exercises <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/03_conditionals_02_exercises.ipynb#Discounting-Customer-Orders) section!\n",
"\n",
"It takes the *positional* arguments `unit_price` and `quantity` and implements a discount scheme for a line item in a customer order as follows:\n",
"\n",
@ -237,7 +244,7 @@
"\n",
"The function then returns the overall price for the line item as a `Decimal` number with a precision of *two* decimals.\n",
"\n",
"Enable **duck typing** by allowing the function to be called with various numeric types as the arguments, in particular, `quantity` may be a non-integer as well: Use an appropriate **abstract base class** from the [numbers](https://docs.python.org/3/library/numbers.html) module in the [standard library](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html) to verify the arguments' types and also that they are both positive!\n",
"Enable **duck typing** by allowing the function to be called with various numeric types as the arguments, in particular, `quantity` may be a non-integer as well: Use an appropriate **abstract base class** from the [numbers <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/numbers.html) module in the [standard library <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html) to verify the arguments' types and also that they are both positive!\n",
"\n",
"Hint: It is considered a *best practice* to only round towards the *end* of the calculations."
]

1682
06_text_00_lecture.ipynb → 06_text_00_content.ipynb
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2
06_text_01_review.ipynb
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The questions below assume that you have read [Chapter 6](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/06_text_00_lecture.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"The questions below assume that you have read [Chapter 6 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/06_text_00_content.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"\n",
"Be concise in your answers! Most questions can be answered in *one* sentence."
]

19
06_text_02_exercises.ipynb
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@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Important**: Click on \"*Kernel*\" > \"*Restart Kernel and Run All*\" *after* finishing the exercises in [JupyterLab <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_jp.png\">](https://jupyterlab.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) (e.g., in the cloud on [MyBinder <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_mb.png\">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/06_text_02_exercises.ipynb)) to ensure that your solution runs top to bottom *without* any errors"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
@ -18,7 +25,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The exercises below assume that you have read [Chapter 6](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/06_text_00_lecture.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"The exercises below assume that you have read [Chapter 6 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/06_text_00_content.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"\n",
"The `...`'s in the code cells indicate where you need to fill in code snippets. The number of `...`'s within a code cell give you a rough idea of how many lines of code are needed to solve the task. You should not need to create any additional code cells for your final solution. However, you may want to use temporary code cells to try out some ideas."
]
@ -34,11 +41,11 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"[Palindromes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palindrome) are sequences of characters that read the same backward as forward. Examples are first names like \"Hannah\" or \"Otto,\" words like \"radar\" or \"level,\" or sentences like \"Was it a car or a cat I saw?\"\n",
"[Palindromes <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palindrome) are sequences of characters that read the same backward as forward. Examples are first names like \"Hannah\" or \"Otto,\" words like \"radar\" or \"level,\" or sentences like \"Was it a car or a cat I saw?\"\n",
"\n",
"In this exercise, you implement various functions that check if the given arguments are palindromes or not. We start with an iterative implementation and end with a recursive one.\n",
"\n",
"Conceptually, the first function, `unpythonic_palindrome()`, is similar to the \"*Is the square of a number in `[7, 11, 8, 5, 3, 12, 2, 6, 9, 10, 1, 4]` greater than `100`?*\" example in [Chapter 4](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/04_iteration_00_lecture.ipynb#Example:-Is-the-square-of-a-number-in-[7,-11,-8,-5,-3,-12,-2,-6,-9,-10,-1,-4]-greater-than-100?): It assumes that the `text` argument is a palindrome (i.e., it initializes `is_palindrom` to `True`) and then checks in a `for`-loop if a pair of corresponding characters, `forward` and `backward`, contradicts that.\n",
"Conceptually, the first function, `unpythonic_palindrome()`, is similar to the \"*Is the square of a number in `[7, 11, 8, 5, 3, 12, 2, 6, 9, 10, 1, 4]` greater than `100`?*\" example in [Chapter 4 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/04_iteration_00_content.ipynb#Example:-Is-the-square-of-a-number-in-[7,-11,-8,-5,-3,-12,-2,-6,-9,-10,-1,-4]-greater-than-100?): It assumes that the `text` argument is a palindrome (i.e., it initializes `is_palindrom` to `True`) and then checks in a `for`-loop if a pair of corresponding characters, `forward` and `backward`, contradicts that.\n",
"\n",
"**Q1**: How many iterations are needed in the `for`-loop? Take into account that `text` may contain an even or odd number of characters! Inside `unpythonic_palindrome()` below, write an expression whose result is assigned to `chars_to_check`!"
]
@ -221,7 +228,7 @@
"\n",
"**Q5**: Copy your solutions to the previous questions into `almost_pythonic_palindrome()` below!\n",
"\n",
"**Q6**: The [reversed()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#reversed) and [zip()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#zip) built-ins allow us to loop over the same `text` argument *in parallel* in both forward *and* backward order. Finish the `for` statement's header line to do just that!\n",
"**Q6**: The [reversed() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#reversed) and [zip() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#zip) built-ins allow us to loop over the same `text` argument *in parallel* in both forward *and* backward order. Finish the `for` statement's header line to do just that!\n",
"\n",
"Hint: You may need to slice the `text` argument."
]
@ -454,7 +461,7 @@
"source": [
"**Q11**: Copy your code from `pythonic_palindrome()` above into `palindrome_ducks()` below and make the latter conform to *duck typing*!\n",
"\n",
"Hints: You may want to use the [str()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-str) built-in. You only need to add *one* short line of code."
"Hints: You may want to use the [str() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#func-str) built-in. You only need to add *one* short line of code."
]
},
{
@ -576,7 +583,7 @@
"source": [
"**Q13**: Implement the final iterative version `is_a_palindrome()` below. Copy your solution from `palindrome_ducks()` above and add code that removes the \"special\" characters (and symbols) from the longer example palindromes above so that they are effectively ignored! Note that this processing should only be done if the `ignore_symbols` argument is set to `True`.\n",
"\n",
"Hints: Use the [replace()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.replace) method on the `str` type to achieve that. You may want to do so within another `for`-loop."
"Hints: Use the [replace() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.replace) method on the `str` type to achieve that. You may want to do so within another `for`-loop."
]
},
{

1985
07_sequences_00_lecture.ipynb → 07_sequences_00_content.ipynb
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10
07_sequences_01_review.ipynb
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The questions below assume that you have read [Chapter 7](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/07_sequences_00_lecture.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"The questions below assume that you have read [Chapter 7 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/07_sequences_00_content.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"\n",
"Be concise in your answers! Most questions can be answered in *one* sentence."
]
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q1**: We have seen **containers** and **iterables** before in [Chapter 4](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/04_iteration_00_lecture.ipynb#Containers-vs.-Iterables). How do they relate to **sequences**? "
"**Q1**: We have seen **containers** and **iterables** before in [Chapter 4 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/04_iteration_00_content.ipynb#Containers-vs.-Iterables). How do they relate to **sequences**? "
]
},
{
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q2**: What are **abstract base classes**? How can we make use of the ones from the [collections.abc](https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.abc.html) module in the [standard library](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html)?"
"**Q2**: What are **abstract base classes**? How can we make use of the ones from the [collections.abc <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.abc.html) module in the [standard library <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html)?"
]
},
{
@ -183,7 +183,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q9**: `sequence` objects are *not* part of core Python but may be imported from the [standard library](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html)."
"**Q9**: `sequence` objects are *not* part of core Python but may be imported from the [standard library <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html)."
]
},
{
@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q10**: The built-in [sort()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#list.sort) function takes a *finite* **iterable** as its argument an returns a *new* `list` object. On the contrary, the [sorted()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#sorted) method on `list` objects *mutates* them *in place*."
"**Q10**: The built-in [sort() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#list.sort) function takes a *finite* **iterable** as its argument an returns a *new* `list` object. On the contrary, the [sorted() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#sorted) method on `list` objects *mutates* them *in place*."
]
},
{

29
07_sequences_02_exercises.ipynb
View file

@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Important**: Click on \"*Kernel*\" > \"*Restart Kernel and Run All*\" *after* finishing the exercises in [JupyterLab <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_jp.png\">](https://jupyterlab.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) (e.g., in the cloud on [MyBinder <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_mb.png\">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/07_sequences_02_exercises.ipynb)) to ensure that your solution runs top to bottom *without* any errors"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
@ -18,7 +25,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The exercises below assume that you have read [Chapter 7](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/07_sequences_00_lecture.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"The exercises below assume that you have read [Chapter 7 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/07_sequences_00_content.ipynb) in the book.\n",
"\n",
"The `...`'s in the code cells indicate where you need to fill in code snippets. The number of `...`'s within a code cell give you a rough idea of how many lines of code are needed to solve the task. You should not need to create any additional code cells for your final solution. However, you may want to use temporary code cells to try out some ideas."
]
@ -85,7 +92,7 @@
"source": [
"**Q1.2**: Generalize `nested_sum()` into a function `mixed_sum()` that can process a \"mixed\" `list` object, which contains numbers and other `list` objects with numbers! Use `mixed_numbers` below for testing!\n",
"\n",
"Hints: Use the built-in [isinstance()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#isinstance) function to check how an element is to be processed. Get extra credit for adhering to *goose typing*, as explained in [Chapter 5](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/05_numbers_00_lecture.ipynb#Goose-Typing): Use some appropriate abstract base class (ABC) from the [collections.abc](https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.abc.html) module in the [standard library](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html)."
"Hints: Use the built-in [isinstance() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#isinstance) function to check how an element is to be processed. Get extra credit for adhering to *goose typing*, as explained in [Chapter 5 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/05_numbers_00_content.ipynb#Goose-Typing): Use some appropriate abstract base class (ABC) from the [collections.abc <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.abc.html) module in the [standard library <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html)."
]
},
{
@ -147,7 +154,7 @@
"source": [
"**Q1.3.1**: Write a function `cum_sum()` that takes a `list` object with numbers as its argument and returns a *new* `list` object with the **cumulative sums** of these numbers! So, `sum_up` below, `[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]`, should return `[1, 3, 6, 10, 15]`.\n",
"\n",
"Hint: The idea behind is similar to the [cumulative distribution function](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumulative_distribution_function) from statistics."
"Hint: The idea behind is similar to the [cumulative distribution function <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_wiki.png\">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumulative_distribution_function) from statistics."
]
},
{
@ -230,7 +237,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"In the \"*Function Definitions & Calls*\" section in [Chapter 7](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/07_sequences_00_lecture.ipynb#Function-Definitions-&-Calls), we define the following function `product()`. In this exercise, you will improve it by making it more \"user-friendly.\""
"In the \"*Function Definitions & Calls*\" section in [Chapter 7 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/07_sequences_00_content.ipynb#Function-Definitions-&-Calls), we define the following function `product()`. In this exercise, you will improve it by making it more \"user-friendly.\""
]
},
{
@ -324,7 +331,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"In [Chapter 7](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/07_sequences_00_lecture.ipynb#Function-Definitions-&-Calls), we also pass a `list` object, like `one_hundred`, to `product()`, and *no* exception is raised."
"In [Chapter 7 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/07_sequences_00_content.ipynb#Function-Definitions-&-Calls), we also pass a `list` object, like `one_hundred`, to `product()`, and *no* exception is raised."
]
},
{
@ -349,7 +356,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q2.3**: What is wrong with that? What *kind* of error (cf., [Chapter 1](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/01_elements_00_lecture.ipynb#Formal-vs.-Natural-Languages)) is that conceptually? Describe precisely what happens to the passed in `one_hundred` in every line within `product()`!"
"**Q2.3**: What is wrong with that? What *kind* of error (cf., [Chapter 1 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/01_elements_00_content.ipynb#Formal-vs.-Natural-Languages)) is that conceptually? Describe precisely what happens to the passed in `one_hundred` in every line within `product()`!"
]
},
{
@ -468,7 +475,7 @@
"source": [
"**Q2.6**: Replace the `None` in `product()` above with something reasonable that does *not* cause exceptions! Ensure that `product(42)` and `product(2, 5, 10)` return a correct result.\n",
"\n",
"Hints: It is ok if `product()` returns a result *different* from the `None` above. Look at the documentation of the built-in [sum()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#sum) function for some inspiration."
"Hints: It is ok if `product()` returns a result *different* from the `None` above. Look at the documentation of the built-in [sum() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#sum) function for some inspiration."
]
},
{
@ -527,7 +534,7 @@
"source": [
"**Q2.7**: Rewrite `product()` so that it takes a *keyword-only* argument `start`, defaulting to the above *default* or *start* value, and use `start` internally instead of `result`!\n",
"\n",
"Hint: Remember that a *keyword-only* argument is any parameter specified in a function's header line after the first (and only) `*` (cf., [Chapter 2](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/02_functions_00_lecture.ipynb#Keyword-only-Arguments))."
"Hint: Remember that a *keyword-only* argument is any parameter specified in a function's header line after the first (and only) `*` (cf., [Chapter 2 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/02_functions_00_content.ipynb#Keyword-only-Arguments))."
]
},
{
@ -655,7 +662,7 @@
"source": [
"**Q2.9**: Rewrite the latest version of `product()` to check if the *only* positional argument is a *collection* type! If so, its elements are multiplied together. Otherwise, the logic remains the same.\n",
"\n",
"Hints: Use the built-in [len()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#len) and [isinstance()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#isinstance) functions to check if there is only *one* positional argument and if it is a *collection* type. Use the *abstract base class* `Collection` from the [collections.abc](https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.abc.html) module in the [standard library](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html). You may want to *re-assign* `args` inside the body."
"Hints: Use the built-in [len() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#len) and [isinstance() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#isinstance) functions to check if there is only *one* positional argument and if it is a *collection* type. Use the *abstract base class* `Collection` from the [collections.abc <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.abc.html) module in the [standard library <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html). You may want to *re-assign* `args` inside the body."
]
},
{
@ -740,7 +747,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Side Note**: Above, we make `product()` work with a single *collection* type argument instead of a *sequence* type to keep it more generic: For example, we can pass in a `set` object, like `{2, 5, 10}` below, and `product()` continues to work correctly. The `set` type is introducted in [Chapter 9](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/09_mappings_00_lecture.ipynb#The-set-Type), and one essential difference to the `list` type is that objects of type `set` have *no* order regarding their elements. So, even though `[2, 5, 10]` and `{2, 5, 10}` look almost the same, the order implied in the literal notation gets lost in memory!"
"**Side Note**: Above, we make `product()` work with a single *collection* type argument instead of a *sequence* type to keep it more generic: For example, we can pass in a `set` object, like `{2, 5, 10}` below, and `product()` continues to work correctly. The `set` type is introducted in [Chapter 9 <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/09_mappings_00_content.ipynb#The-set-Type), and one essential difference to the `list` type is that objects of type `set` have *no* order regarding their elements. So, even though `[2, 5, 10]` and `{2, 5, 10}` look almost the same, the order implied in the literal notation gets lost in memory!"
]
},
{
@ -774,7 +781,7 @@
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Let's continue to improve `product()` and make it more Pythonic. It is always a good idea to mimic the behavior of built-ins when writing our own functions. And, [sum()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#sum), for example, raises a `TypeError` if called *without* any arguments. It does *not* return the \"philosophical\" answer to adding *no* numbers, which would be `0`."
"Let's continue to improve `product()` and make it more Pythonic. It is always a good idea to mimic the behavior of built-ins when writing our own functions. And, [sum() <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"static/link_to_py.png\">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#sum), for example, raises a `TypeError` if called *without* any arguments. It does *not* return the \"philosophical\" answer to adding *no* numbers, which would be `0`."
]
},
{

8217
08_mappings_00_lecture.ipynb
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261
08_mappings_01_review.ipynb
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@ -1,261 +0,0 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"\n",
"# Chapter 8: Mappings & Sets"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Content Review"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Read [Chapter 8](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/08_mappings_00_lecture.ipynb) of the book. Then, work through the questions below."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Essay Questions "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Answer the following questions *briefly*!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q1**: `dict` objects are well-suited **to model** discrete mathematical **functions** and to approximate continuous ones. What property of dictionaries is the basis for that claim, and how does it relate to functions in the mathematical sense?"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q2**: Explain why **hash tables** are a **trade-off** between **computational speed** and **memory** usage!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q3:** The `dict` type is an **iterable** that **contains** a **finite** number of key-value pairs. Despite that, why is it *not* considered a **sequence**?"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q4**: Whereas *key* **look-ups** in a `dict` object run in so-called **[constant time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_complexity#Constant_time)** (i.e., *extremely* fast), that does not hold for *reverse* look-ups. Why is that?"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q5**: Why is it conceptually correct that the Python core developers do not implement **slicing** with the `[]` operator for `dict` objects?"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q6**: **Memoization** is an essential concept to know to solve problems in the real world. Together with the idea of **recursion**, it enables us to solve problems in a \"backwards\" fashion *effectively*.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Compare the **recursive** formulation of `fibonacci()` in [Chapter 8](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/08_mappings_00_lecture.ipynb#\"Easy-at-third-Glance\"-Example:-Fibonacci-Numbers-%28revisited%29), the \"*Easy at third Glance*\" example, with the **iterative** version in [Chapter 4](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/04_iteration_00_lecture.ipynb#\"Hard-at-first-Glance\"-Example:-Fibonacci-Numbers-%28revisited%29), the \"*Hard at first Glance*\" example!\n",
"\n",
"How are they similar and how do they differ?"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q7**: How are the `set` and the `dict` type related? How could we use the latter to mimic the former?"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### True / False Questions"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Motivate your answer with *one short* sentence!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q8**: We may *not* put `dict` objects inside other `dict` objects because they are **mutable**."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q9**: **Mutable** objects (e.g., `list`) may generally *not* be used as keys in a `dict` object. However, if we collect, for example, `list` objects in a `tuple` object, the composite object becomes **hashable**."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q10**: **Mutability** of a `dict` object works until the underlying hash table becomes too crowded. Then, we cannot insert any items any more making the `dict` object effectively **immutable**. Luckily, that almost never happens in practice."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q11**: A `dict` object's [update()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#dict.update) method only inserts key-value pairs whose key is *not* yet in the `dict` object. So, it does *not* overwrite anything."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q12**: The `set` type is both a mapping and a sequence."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" "
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.7.4"
},
"toc": {
"base_numbering": 1,
"nav_menu": {},
"number_sections": false,
"sideBar": true,
"skip_h1_title": true,
"title_cell": "Table of Contents",
"title_sidebar": "Contents",
"toc_cell": false,
"toc_position": {},
"toc_section_display": false,
"toc_window_display": false
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 4
}

388
08_mappings_02_exercises.ipynb
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@ -1,388 +0,0 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"\n",
"# Chapter 8: Mappings & Sets"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Coding Exercises"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Read [Chapter 8](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/08_mappings_00_lecture.ipynb) of the book. Then, work through the exercises below."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Working with Nested Data"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Let's write some code to analyze the historic soccer game [Brazil vs. Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_v_Germany_%282014_FIFA_World_Cup%29) during the 2014 World Cup.\n",
"\n",
"Below, `players` consists of two nested `dict` objects, one for each team, that hold `tuple` objects (i.e., records) with information on the players. Besides the jersey number, name, and position, each `tuple` objects contains a `list` object with the times when the player scored."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"players = {\n",
" \"Brazil\": [\n",
" (12, \"Júlio César\", \"Goalkeeper\", []),\n",
" (4, \"David Luiz\", \"Defender\", []),\n",
" (6, \"Marcelo\", \"Defender\", []),\n",
" (13, \"Dante\", \"Defender\", []),\n",
" (23, \"Maicon\", \"Defender\", []),\n",
" (5, \"Fernandinho\", \"Midfielder\", []),\n",
" (7, \"Hulk\", \"Midfielder\", []),\n",
" (8, \"Paulinho\", \"Midfielder\", []),\n",
" (11, \"Oscar\", \"Midfielder\", [90]),\n",
" (16, \"Ramires\", \"Midfielder\", []),\n",
" (17, \"Luiz Gustavo\", \"Midfielder\", []),\n",
" (19, \"Willian\", \"Midfielder\", []),\n",
" (9, \"Fred\", \"Striker\", []),\n",
" ],\n",
" \"Germany\": [\n",
" (1, \"Manuel Neuer\", \"Goalkeeper\", []),\n",
" (4, \"Benedikt Höwedes\", \"Defender\", []),\n",
" (5, \"Mats Hummels\", \"Defender\", []),\n",
" (16, \"Philipp Lahm\", \"Defender\", []),\n",
" (17, \"Per Mertesacker\", \"Defender\", []),\n",
" (20, \"Jérôme Boateng\", \"Defender\", []),\n",
" (6, \"Sami Khedira\", \"Midfielder\", [29]),\n",
" (7, \"Bastian Schweinsteiger\", \"Midfielder\", []),\n",
" (8, \"Mesut Özil\", \"Midfielder\", []),\n",
" (13, \"Thomas Müller\", \"Midfielder\", [11]),\n",
" (14, \"Julian Draxler\", \"Midfielder\", []),\n",
" (18, \"Toni Kroos\", \"Midfielder\", [24, 26]),\n",
" (9, \"André Schürrle\", \"Striker\", [69, 79]),\n",
" (11, \"Miroslav Klose\", \"Striker\", [23]),\n",
" ],\n",
"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q1.1**: Write a dictionary comprehension to derive a new `dict` object, called `brazilian_players`, that maps a Brazilian player's name to his position!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"brazilian_players = {...}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"brazilian_players"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q1.2**: Generalize the code fragment into a `get_players()` function: Passed a `team` name, it returns a `dict` object like `brazilian_players`. Verify that the function works for the German team!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def get_players(team):\n",
" ..."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"get_players(\"Germany\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Often, we are given a `dict` object like the one returned from `get_players()`: It is characterized by the observation that a large set of unique keys (i.e., the players' names) is mapped onto a smaller set of non-unique values (i.e., the positions).\n",
"\n",
"**Q1.3**: Create a generic `invert()` function that swaps the keys and values of a `mapping` argument passed to it and returns them in a *new* `dict` object! Ensure that *no* key gets lost. Verify your implementation with the `brazilian_players` dictionary!\n",
"\n",
"Hints: Think of this as a grouping operation. The *new* values are `list` or `tuple` objects that hold the original keys. You may want to use either the the [defaultdict](https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#collections.defaultdict) type from the [collections](https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html) module in the [standard library](https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html) or the [setdefault()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#dict.setdefault) method of the ordinary `dict` type."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def invert(mapping):\n",
" ..."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"invert(brazilian_players)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q1.4**: Write a `score_at_minute()` function: It takes two arguments, `team` and `minute`, and returns the number of goals the `team` has scored up until this time in the game.\n",
"\n",
"Hints: The function may reference the global `players` for simplicity. Earn bonus points if you can write this in a one-line expression using some *reduction* function and a *generator expression*."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def score_at_minute(team, minute):\n",
" ..."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The score at half time was:"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"score_at_minute(\"Brazil\", 45)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"score_at_minute(\"Germany\", 45)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The final score was:"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"score_at_minute(\"Brazil\", 90)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"score_at_minute(\"Germany\", 90)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q1.5**: Write a `goals_by_player()` function: It takes an argument like the global `players`, and returns a `dict` object mapping the players to the number of goals they scored.\n",
"\n",
"Hints: Do *not* \"hard code\" the names of the teams! Earn bonus points if you can solve it in a single dictionary comprehension."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def goals_by_player(players):\n",
" ..."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"goals_by_player(players)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q1.6**: Write a *dictionary comprehension* to filter out the players who did *not* score from the preceding result. Then, write a *set comprehension* that does the same but discards the number of goals scored.\n",
"\n",
"Hints: Reference the `goals_by_player()` function from before."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"{...}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"{...}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q1.7**: Write a `all_goals()` function: It takes one argument like the global `players` and returns a `list` object containing $2$-element `tuple` objects, where the first element is the minute a player scored and the second his name. The list should be sorted by the time.\n",
"\n",
"Hints: You may want to use either the built-in [sorted()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#sorted) function or the `list` type's [sort()](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#list.sort) method. Earn bonus points if you can write a one-line expression with a *generator expression*."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def all_goals(players):\n",
" ..."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"all_goals(players)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Q1.8**: Lastly, write a `summary()` function: It takes one argument like the global `players` and prints out a concise report of the goals, the score at the half, and the final result.\n",
"\n",
"Hints: Use the `all_goals()` and `score_at_minute()` functions from before.\n",
"\n",
"The output should look similar to this:\n",
"```\n",
"12' Gerd Müller scores\n",
"...\n",
"HALFTIME: TeamA 1 TeamB 2\n",
"77' Ronaldo scores\n",
"...\n",
"FINAL: TeamA 1 TeamB 3\n",
"```"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def summary(players):\n",
" ..."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"summary(players)"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.7.4"
},
"toc": {
"base_numbering": 1,
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"skip_h1_title": true,
"title_cell": "Table of Contents",
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"toc_window_display": false
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 4
}

201
README.md
View file

@ -1,91 +1,143 @@
# An Introduction to Python and Programming
The purpose of this repository is to serve as an interactive "book" for a
The purpose of this repository is to serve as an interactive book for a
thorough introductory course on programming in the
**[Python](https://www.python.org/)** language.
**[Python <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_py.png">](https://www.python.org/)**
language.
The course's **main goal** is to **prepare** the student for **further
studies** in the "field" of **data science**.
The "chapters" are written in [Jupyter notebooks](https://jupyter-notebook.readthedocs.io/en/stable/)
which are a de-facto standard for exchanging code and results among data
The chapters are laid out in [Jupyter notebooks <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_jp.png">](https://jupyter-notebook.readthedocs.io/en/stable/)
which are a de-facto standard for exchanging code and analyses among data
science professionals and researchers.
They can be viewed in a plain web browser with the help of
[nbviewer](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/):
They can be viewed in a web browser either statically on [nbviewer <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/tree/master/)
or interactively (i.e., you can execute the code) on [mybinder <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab):
- *Introduction*: Start up
([video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTU8jaG27Xk)
| [lecture](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/00_intro_00_lecture.ipynb)
| [review](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/00_intro_01_review.ipynb)
| [exercises](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/00_intro_02_exercises.ipynb))
- *Chapter 0*: Introduction
([content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/00_intro_00_content.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/00_intro_00_content.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_yt.png">](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTU8jaG27Xk&list=PL-2JV1G3J10lQ2xokyQowcRJI5jjNfW7f)
| [review <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/00_intro_01_review.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/00_intro_01_review.ipynb)
| [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/00_intro_02_exercises.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/00_intro_02_exercises.ipynb))
- **Part A: Expressing Logic**
- *Chapter 1*: Elements of a Program
([video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0lk1Qfaw8Y)
| [lecture](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/01_elements_00_lecture.ipynb)
| [review](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/01_elements_01_review.ipynb)
| [exercises](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/01_elements_02_exercises.ipynb))
([content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/01_elements_00_content.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/01_elements_00_content.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_yt.png">](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0lk1Qfaw8Y&list=PL-2JV1G3J10lQ2xokyQowcRJI5jjNfW7f)
| [review <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/01_elements_01_review.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/01_elements_01_review.ipynb)
| [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/01_elements_02_exercises.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/01_elements_02_exercises.ipynb))
- *Chapter 2*: Functions & Modularization
([video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j4Xn8QFysmc)
| [lecture](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/02_functions_00_lecture.ipynb)
| [review](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/02_functions_01_review.ipynb)
| [exercises](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/02_functions_02_exercises.ipynb))
([content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/02_functions_00_content.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/02_functions_00_content.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_yt.png">](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j4Xn8QFysmc&list=PL-2JV1G3J10lQ2xokyQowcRJI5jjNfW7f)
| [review <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/02_functions_01_review.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/02_functions_01_review.ipynb)
| [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/02_functions_02_exercises.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/02_functions_02_exercises.ipynb))
- *Chapter 3*: Conditionals & Exceptions
([video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDbblINzuGQ)
| [lecture](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/03_conditionals_00_lecture.ipynb)
| [review](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/03_conditionals_01_review.ipynb)
| [exercises](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/03_conditionals_02_exercises.ipynb))
([content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/03_conditionals_00_content.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/03_conditionals_00_content.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_yt.png">](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDbblINzuGQ&list=PL-2JV1G3J10lQ2xokyQowcRJI5jjNfW7f)
| [review <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/03_conditionals_01_review.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/03_conditionals_01_review.ipynb)
| [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/03_conditionals_02_exercises.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/03_conditionals_02_exercises.ipynb))
- *Chapter 4*: Recursion & Looping
([video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jT6hr4vOJks)
| [lecture](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/04_iteration_00_lecture.ipynb)
| [review](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/04_iteration_01_review.ipynb)
| [exercises 1](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/04_iteration_02_exercises.ipynb)
| [exercises 2](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/04_iteration_03_exercises.ipynb))
([content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/04_iteration_00_content.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/04_iteration_00_content.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_yt.png">](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jT6hr4vOJks&list=PL-2JV1G3J10lQ2xokyQowcRJI5jjNfW7f)
| [review <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/04_iteration_01_review.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/04_iteration_01_review.ipynb)
| [exercises 1 <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/04_iteration_02_exercises.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/04_iteration_02_exercises.ipynb)
| [exercises 2 <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/04_iteration_03_exercises.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/04_iteration_03_exercises.ipynb))
- **Part B: Managing Data and Memory**
- *Chapter 5*: Numbers & Bits
([video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nB00WGCnVjg)
| [lecture](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/05_numbers_00_lecture.ipynb)
| [review](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/05_numbers_01_review.ipynb)
| [exercises](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/05_numbers_02_exercises.ipynb))
([content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/05_numbers_00_content.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/05_numbers_00_content.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_yt.png">](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nB00WGCnVjg&list=PL-2JV1G3J10lQ2xokyQowcRJI5jjNfW7f)
| [review <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/05_numbers_01_review.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/05_numbers_01_review.ipynb)
| [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/05_numbers_02_exercises.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/05_numbers_02_exercises.ipynb))
- *Chapter 6*: Text & Bytes
([video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WTRlgN09sM)
| [lecture](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/06_text_00_lecture.ipynb)
| [review](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/06_text_01_review.ipynb)
| [exercises](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/06_text_02_exercises.ipynb))
([content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/06_text_00_content.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/06_text_00_content.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_yt.png">](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WTRlgN09sM&list=PL-2JV1G3J10lQ2xokyQowcRJI5jjNfW7f)
| [review <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/06_text_01_review.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/06_text_01_review.ipynb)
| [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/06_text_02_exercises.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/06_text_02_exercises.ipynb))
- *Chapter 7*: Sequential Data
([video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nx2sCDoeC3I)
| [lecture](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/07_sequences_00_lecture.ipynb)
| [review](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/07_sequences_01_review.ipynb)
| [exercises](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/07_sequences_02_exercises.ipynb))
([content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/07_sequences_00_content.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/07_sequences_00_content.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_yt.png">](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nx2sCDoeC3I&list=PL-2JV1G3J10lQ2xokyQowcRJI5jjNfW7f)
| [review <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/07_sequences_01_review.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/07_sequences_01_review.ipynb)
| [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/07_sequences_02_exercises.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/07_sequences_02_exercises.ipynb))
- *Chapter 8*: Map, Filter, & Reduce
([video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePzzq2YBWjY)
| [lecture](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/08_mfr_00_lecture.ipynb)
| [review](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/08_mfr_01_review.ipynb)
| [exercises](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/08_mfr_02_exercises.ipynb))
([content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/08_mfr_00_content.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/08_mfr_00_content.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_yt.png">](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePzzq2YBWjY&list=PL-2JV1G3J10lQ2xokyQowcRJI5jjNfW7f)
| [review <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/08_mfr_01_review.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/08_mfr_01_review.ipynb)
| [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/08_mfr_02_exercises.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/08_mfr_02_exercises.ipynb))
- *Chapter 9*: Mappings & Sets
([video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vbp0svA35TE)
| [lecture](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/08_mappings_00_lecture.ipynb)
| [review](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/08_mappings_01_review.ipynb)
| [exercises](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/08_mappings_02_exercises.ipynb))
([content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/09_mappings_00_content.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/09_mappings_00_content.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_yt.png">](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vbp0svA35TE&list=PL-2JV1G3J10lQ2xokyQowcRJI5jjNfW7f)
| [review <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/09_mappings_01_review.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/09_mappings_01_review.ipynb)
| [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/09_mappings_02_exercises.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/09_mappings_02_exercises.ipynb))
- *Chapter 10*: Classes & Instances
([content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/10_classes_00_content.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/10_classes_00_content.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_yt.png">](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibDT0uOAOTI&list=PL-2JV1G3J10lQ2xokyQowcRJI5jjNfW7f)
| [review <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/10_classes_01_review.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/10_classes_01_review.ipynb)
| [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/10_classes_02_exercises.ipynb)
[<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/master?urlpath=lab/tree/10_classes_02_exercises.ipynb))
However, it is recommended that students **install Python and Jupyter
locally** and run the code in the notebooks on their own.
This way, the student can play with the code and learn more efficiently.
Precise **installation instructions** are either in the [00th notebook](
https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/00_intro_00_lecture.ipynb)
However, it is recommended to **install Python and [Jupyter <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_jp.png">](https://jupyter.org)
locally** and run the code in the notebooks on one's own machine in the [JupyterLab <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_jp.png">](https://jupyterlab.readthedocs.io/en/stable/)
application.
Precise **installation instructions** are either in [Chapter 0 <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_nb.png">](
https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/master/00_intro_00_content.ipynb#Installation)
or further below.
A playlist with all video presentations of the individiual chapters can be found [here](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-2JV1G3J10lQ2xokyQowcRJI5jjNfW7f).
Feedback is encouraged and will be incorporated.
Open an issue in the [issues tracker](https://github.com/webartifex/intro-to-python/issues)
or initiate a [pull request](https://help.github.com/en/articles/about-pull-requests)
### Feedback
Feedback **is highly encouraged** and will be incorporated.
Simply open an issue in the [issues tracker <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_gh.png">](https://github.com/webartifex/intro-to-python/issues)
or initiate a [pull request <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_gh.png">](https://help.github.com/en/articles/about-pull-requests)
if you are familiar with the concept.
Simple issues that anyone can **help fix** are, for example,
**spelling mistakes** or **broken links**.
If you feel that some topic is missing entirely, you may also mention that.
The materials here are considered a **permanent work-in-progress**.
A "Show HN" post about this introduction was made on [Hacker News](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22669084)
A "Show HN" post about this course was made on [Hacker News <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_hn.png">](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22669084)
and some ideas for improvement were discussed there.
## Prerequisites
### Videos
Presentations on the chapters are available either via the individual links to
[YouTube <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_yt.png">](https://www.youtube.com)
above or this [playlist <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_yt.png">](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-2JV1G3J10lQ2xokyQowcRJI5jjNfW7f).
### Prerequisites
To be suitable for *total beginners*, there are *no* formal prerequisites.
It is only expected that the student has:
@ -93,7 +145,7 @@ It is only expected that the student has:
- a *solid* understanding of the **English language**,
- knowledge of **basic mathematics** from high school,
- the ability to **think conceptually** and **reason logically**, and
- the willingness to **invest 2-4 hours a day for a month**.
- the willingness to **invest around 90 - 120 hours on this course**.
## Installation
@ -109,8 +161,8 @@ Just go to the [download](https://www.anaconda.com/distribution/#download-sectio
section and install the latest version (i.e., *2019-10* with Python 3.7 at the
time of this writing) for your operating system.
Then, among others, you will find an entry "Anaconda Navigator" in your start
menu like below.
Then, among others, you will find an entry "[Anaconda Navigator](https://docs.anaconda.com/anaconda/navigator/)"
in your start menu like below.
Click on it.
<img src="static/anaconda_start_menu.png" width="30%">
@ -123,9 +175,8 @@ Now, click on "JupyterLab."
A new tab in your web browser opens with the website being "localhost" and some
number (e.g., 8888).
This is the [JupyterLab](https://jupyterlab.readthedocs.io/en/stable/)
application that is used to display and run the Jupyter notebooks mentioned
above.
This is the [JupyterLab <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_jp.png">](https://jupyterlab.readthedocs.io/en/stable/)
application that is used to display and run the notebooks mentioned above.
On the left, you see the files and folders in your local user folder.
This file browser works like any other.
In the center, you have several options to launch (i.e., "create") new files.
@ -144,14 +195,14 @@ JupyterLab.
Python can also be installed in a "pure" way as obtained from its core
development team (i.e., without any third-party packages installed).
However, this may be too "advanced" for a beginner as it involves working
with a [terminal emulator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_emulator),
with a [terminal emulator <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_wiki.png">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_emulator),
which looks like the one in the picture below and is used *without* a mouse by
typing commands into it.
<img src="static/terminal.png" width="50%" align="center">
Assuming that you already have a working version of Python 3.7 or higher
installed (cf., the official [download page](https://www.python.org/downloads/)),
installed (cf., the official [download page <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_py.png">](https://www.python.org/downloads/)),
the following summarizes the commands to be typed into a terminal emulator to
get the course materials up and running on a local machine without the
Anaconda Distribution.
@ -167,7 +218,7 @@ This creates a new folder *intro-to-python* with all the materials of this
repository in it.
Inside this folder, it is recommended to create a so-called **virtual
environment** with Python's [venv](https://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html)
environment** with Python's [venv <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_py.png">](https://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html)
module.
This must only be done the first time.
A virtual environment is a way of *isolating* the third-party packages
@ -185,7 +236,7 @@ environment (*venv* is the name chosen before).
- `source venv/bin/activate`
This may change how the terminal's [command prompt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface#Command_prompt)
This may change how the terminal's [command prompt <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_wiki.png">](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface#Command_prompt)
looks.
[poetry](https://poetry.eustace.io/docs/) and [virtualenvwrapper](https://virtualenvwrapper.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)
@ -193,7 +244,7 @@ are popular tools to automate the described management of virtual environments.
After activation for the first time, you must install the project's
**dependencies** (= the third-party packages needed to run the code), most
notably [JupyterLab](https://pypi.org/project/jupyterlab/) in this project
notably [JupyterLab <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_jp.png">](https://pypi.org/project/jupyterlab/) in this project
(the "python -m" is often left out [but should not be](https://snarky.ca/why-you-should-use-python-m-pip/);
if you have poetry installed, you may just type `poetry install` instead).
@ -209,11 +260,11 @@ This opens a new tab in your web browser just as above.
#### Interactive Presentation Mode & Live Coding
The *requirements.txt* file also installs the [nbextensions](https://github.com/ipython-contrib/jupyter_contrib_nbextensions)
for Jupyter notebooks, the [black](https://github.com/psf/black) code
formatting tool (incl. the [blackcellmagic](https://github.com/csurfer/blackcellmagic)
Jupyter extension) and the [RISE](https://github.com/damianavila/RISE) Jupyter
extension.
The *requirements.txt* file also installs the [nbextensions <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_gh.png">](https://github.com/ipython-contrib/jupyter_contrib_nbextensions)
for Jupyter notebooks, the [black <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_gh.png">](https://github.com/psf/black)
code formatting tool (incl. the [blackcellmagic <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_gh.png">](https://github.com/csurfer/blackcellmagic)
Jupyter extension) and the [RISE <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link_to_gh.png">](https://github.com/damianavila/RISE)
Jupyter extension.
With them, the instructor can easily re-format code in a class session and
execute code in presentation mode.

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