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   "source": [
    "# Chapter 4: Recursion & Looping (Review Questions)"
   ]
  },
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The questions below assume that you have read the [first <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"../static/link/to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/main/04_iteration/00_content.ipynb), [second <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"../static/link/to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/main/04_iteration/02_content.ipynb), and the [third <img height=\"12\" style=\"display: inline-block\" src=\"../static/link/to_nb.png\">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/main/04_iteration/03_content.ipynb) part of Chapter 4.\n",
    "\n",
    "Be concise in your answers! Most questions can be answered in *one* sentence."
   ]
  },
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Essay Questions "
   ]
  },
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   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Q1**: Solving a problem by **recursion** is not only popular in computer science and math. Name some examples from the fields of business or economics where problems are also solved in a **backward** fashion!"
   ]
  },
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    " < your answer >"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Q2**: Explain what **duck typing** means! Why can it cause problems? Why is it [not a bug but a feature](https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=It%27s%20not%20a%20bug%2C%20it%27s%20a%20feature)?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    " < your answer >"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Q3**: What is **syntactic sugar**?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    " < your answer >"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Q4**: Describe in your own words why the **recursive** version of `fibonacci()`, the \"Easy at first Glance\" example in the chapter, is computationally **inefficient**! Why does the **iterative** version of `fibonacci()`, the \"Hard at first Glance\" example, run so much faster?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    " < your answer >"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Q5**: What is the conceptual difference between a **container** and a **list**?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    " < your answer >"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Q6**: What is a good use case for the `for`-loop's optional `else`-clause?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    " < your answer >"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## True / False Questions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Motivate your answer with *one short* sentence!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Q7**: When a **recursion** does **not** reach the base case, this is an example of the **early exit** strategy."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    " < your answer >"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Q8**: Any programming language **without** looping constructs like the `for` or `while` statements is **not** Turing complete."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    " < your answer >"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Q9**: A **recursive** formulation is the same as a **circular** one: The terms are **synonyms**."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    " < your answer >"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Q10**: Formulating a computational problem as a **recursion** results in an **efficient** implementation."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    " < your answer >"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Q11**: Whereas a **recursion** may accidentally result in a **never-ending** program, `while`-loops and `for`-loops are guaranteed to **terminate**."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    " < your answer >"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Q12**: Before writing **any** kind of **loop**, we **always** need to think about a **stopping criterion** ahead of time."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    " < your answer >"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Q13**: **Container** types such as `list` objects are characterized by their **support** for **being looped over**, for example as in:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "```python\n",
    "for element in container:\n",
    "    # do something for every element\n",
    "    ...\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    " < your answer >"
   ]
  }
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