# Table of Contents

The materials are designed to resemble an *interactive* book.

The files come
    primarily in the [Jupyter Notebook](https://jupyter-notebook.readthedocs.io/en/stable/)
        format (i.e., \*.ipynb)
    but also as [modules and packages <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_py.png">](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html)
        (i.e., \*.py).
Together with some other static files (e.g., images),
    they are stored in one folder per chapter in this repository.
They are to be opened
    from within the [JupyterLab](https://jupyterlab.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) application,
    even though other ways are certainly possible as well.
Both the files and the folders
    are appropriately named with prefixes
    indicating the order in which they should be read
        and starting with "00_".

It is recommended
    to follow the [installation instructions](https://github.com/webartifex/intro-to-python#installation)
        in the [README.md](README.md) file
    and work through the content on one's own computer.

If this is not possible,
    the files can be viewed in a web browser
    either statically (i.e., read-only) on [nbviewer <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/tree/develop/)
    or interactively (i.e., code can be executed) on [Binder <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab).

- *Chapter 0*: Introduction
  - [content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/00_intro/00_content.ipynb)
    [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/00_intro/00_content.ipynb)
    (Python's History & Background;
     Open-source & Communities;
     JupyterLab;
     Programming vs. Computer Science;
     Learning Tips)
  - [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/00_intro/01_exercises.ipynb)
    [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/00_intro/01_exercises.ipynb)
    (Mastering Markdown)
  - [review questions <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/00_intro/02_review.ipynb)
- **Part A: Expressing Logic**
  - *Chapter 1*: Elements of a Program
    - [content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/01_elements/00_content.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/01_elements/00_content.ipynb)
      (A first Example: Averaging Even Numbers;
       Operators;
       Objects & Data Types;
       Errors)
    - [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/01_elements/01_exercises.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/01_elements/01_exercises.ipynb)
      (Printing Output)
    - [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/01_elements/02_exercises.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/01_elements/02_exercises.ipynb)
      (Simple `for`-loops)
    - [content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/01_elements/03_content.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/01_elements/03_content.ipynb)
      (Memory in Detail;
       Variables & References;
       Mutability;
       Expressions & Statements)
    - [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/01_elements/04_exercises.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/01_elements/04_exercises.ipynb)
      (Python as a Calculator)
    - [summary <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/01_elements/05_summary.ipynb)
    - [review questions <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/01_elements/06_review.ipynb)
    - [further resources <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/01_elements/07_resources.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/01_elements/07_resources.ipynb)
  - *Chapter 2*: Functions & Modularization
    - [content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/02_functions/00_content.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/02_functions/00_content.ipynb)
      (Built-in Functions & Constructors;
       Function Definitions;
       Function Calls & Scoping Rules;
       Positional vs. Keyword Arguments;
       Modularization)
    - [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/02_functions/01_exercises.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/02_functions/01_exercises.ipynb)
      (Volume of a Sphere)
    - [content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/02_functions/02_content.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/02_functions/02_content.ipynb)
      (Standard Library: `math` & `random` Modules;
       Third-party Packages: `numpy` Library;
       Writing one's own Modules)
    - [summary <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/02_functions/03_summary.ipynb)
    - [review questions <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/02_functions/04_review.ipynb)
  - *Chapter 3*: Conditionals & Exceptions
    - [content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/03_conditionals/00_content.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/03_conditionals/00_content.ipynb)
      (Boolean Expressions;
       Relational Operators;
       Logical Operators;
       `if` statement;
       Exception Handling)
    - [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/03_conditionals/01_exercises.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/03_conditionals/01_exercises.ipynb)
      (Discounting Customer Orders)
    - [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/03_conditionals/02_exercises.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/03_conditionals/02_exercises.ipynb)
      (Fizz Buzz)
    - [summary <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/03_conditionals/03_summary.ipynb)
    - [review questions <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/03_conditionals/04_review.ipynb)
  - *Chapter 4*: Recursion & Looping
    - [content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/04_iteration/00_content.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/04_iteration/00_content.ipynb)
      (Recursion;
       Examples: Factorial, Euclid's Algorithm, & Fibonacci;
       Duck Typing;
       Type Casting & Checking;
       Input Validation)
    - [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/04_iteration/01_exercises.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/04_iteration/01_exercises.ipynb)
      (Towers of Hanoi)
    - [content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/04_iteration/02_content.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/04_iteration/02_content.ipynb)
      (Looping with `while` & `for`;
       Examples: Collatz Conjecture, Factorial, Euclid's Algorithm, & Fibonacci;
       Containers vs. Iterables)
    - [content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/04_iteration/03_content.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/04_iteration/03_content.ipynb)
      (Customizing Loops with `break` and `continue`;
       Indefinite Loops)
    - [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/04_iteration/04_exercises.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/04_iteration/04_exercises.ipynb)
      (Throwing Dice)
    - [summary <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/04_iteration/05_summary.ipynb)
    - [review questions <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/04_iteration/06_review.ipynb)
- **Part B: Managing Data and Memory**
  - *Chapter 5*: Numbers & Bits
    - [content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/05_numbers/00_content.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/05_numbers/00_content.ipynb)
      (`int` Type;
       Binary & Hexadecimal Representations;
       Bit Arithmetic;
       Bitwise Operators)
    - [content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/05_numbers/01_content.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/05_numbers/01_content.ipynb)
      (`float` Type;
       Floating-point Standard;
       Special Values;
       Imprecision;
       Binary & Hexadecimal Representations)
    - [content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/05_numbers/02_content.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/05_numbers/02_content.ipynb)
      (`complex` Type;
       Numerical Tower;
       Duck vs. Goose Typing)
    - [appendix <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/05_numbers/03_appendix.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/05_numbers/03_appendix.ipynb)
      (`Decimal` Type;
       `Fraction` Type)
    - [summary <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/05_numbers/04_summary.ipynb)
    - [review questions <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/05_numbers/05_review.ipynb)
    - [further resources <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/05_numbers/06_resources.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/05_numbers/06_resources.ipynb)
  - *Chapter 6*: Text & Bytes
    - [content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/06_text/00_content.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/06_text/00_content.ipynb)
      (`str` Type;
       Reading Files;
       Sequences;
       Indexing & Slicing;
       String Methods & Operations;
       String Interpolation)
    - [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/06_text/01_exercises.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/06_text/01_exercises.ipynb)
      (Detecting Palindromes)
    - [content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/06_text/02_content.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/06_text/02_content.ipynb)
      (Special Characters;
       ASCII & Unicode;
       Multi-line Strings;
       `bytes` Type;
       Character Encodings)
    - [summary <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/06_text/03_summary.ipynb)
    - [review questions <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/06_text/04_review.ipynb)
    - [further resources <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/06_text/05_resources.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/06_text/05_resources.ipynb)
  - *Chapter 7*: Sequential Data
    - [content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/07_sequences/00_content.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/07_sequences/00_content.ipynb)
      (Collections vs. Sequences;
       ABCs: `Container`, `Iterable`, `Sized`, & `Reversible`)
    - [content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/07_sequences/01_content.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/07_sequences/01_content.ipynb)
      (`list` Type;
       Indexing & Slicing;
       Shallow vs. Deep Copies;
       List Methods & Operations)
    - [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/07_sequences/02_exercises.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/07_sequences/02_exercises.ipynb)
      (Working with Lists)
    - [content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/07_sequences/03_content.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/07_sequences/03_content.ipynb)
      (Modifiers vs. Pure Functions;
       `tuple` Type;
       Packing & Unpacking;
       `*args` in Function Definitions)
    - [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/07_sequences/04_exercises.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/07_sequences/04_exercises.ipynb)
      (Packing & Unpacking with Functions)
    - [appendix <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/07_sequences/05_appendix.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/07_sequences/05_appendix.ipynb)
      (`namedtuple` Type)
    - [summary <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/07_sequences/06_summary.ipynb)
    - [review questions <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/07_sequences/07_review.ipynb)
  - *Chapter 8*: Map, Filter, & Reduce
    - [content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/08_mfr/00_content.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/08_mfr/00_content.ipynb)
      (Mapping;
       Filtering;
       Reducing;
       `lambda` Expression)
    - [content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/08_mfr/01_content.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/08_mfr/01_content.ipynb)
      (`list` Comprehension;
       `generator` Expression;
       Streams of Data;
       Boolean Reducers)
    - [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/08_mfr/02_exercises.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/08_mfr/02_exercises.ipynb)
      (Removing Outliers in Streaming Data)
    - [exercises <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/08_mfr/03_exercises.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/08_mfr/03_exercises.ipynb)
      (Packing & Unpacking with Functions, continued)
    - [content <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/08_mfr/04_content.ipynb)
      [<img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_mb.png">](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/webartifex/intro-to-python/develop?urlpath=lab/tree/08_mfr/04_content.ipynb)
      (Iterators vs. Iterables;
       Example: `sorted()` vs. `reversed()`)
    - [summary <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/08_mfr/05_summary.ipynb)
    - [review questions <img height="12" style="display: inline-block" src="static/link/to_nb.png">](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/webartifex/intro-to-python/blob/develop/08_mfr/06_review.ipynb)