Add CLI script to gridify all cities

- reorganize `urban_meal_delivery.console` into a sub-package
- move `tests.db.conftest` fixtures into `tests.conftest`
  => some integration tests regarding CLI scripts need a database
- add `urban_meal_delivery.console.decorators.db_revision` decorator
  to ensure the database is at a certain state before a CLI script runs
- refactor the `urban_meal_delivery.db.grids.Grid.gridify()` constructor:
  - bug fix: even empty `Pixel`s end up in the database temporarily
    => create `Pixel` objects only if an `Address` is to be assigned
       to it
  - streamline code and docstring
  - add further test cases

pyproject.toml

@@ -88,4 +88,4 @@ sphinx = "^3.1.2"
 sphinx-autodoc-typehints = "^1.11.0"
 
 [tool.poetry.scripts]
-umd = "urban_meal_delivery.console:main"
+umd = "urban_meal_delivery.console:cli"

src/urban_meal_delivery/configuration.py

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ class Config:
     # time horizon, we treat it as an ad-hoc order.
     QUASI_AD_HOC_LIMIT = datetime.timedelta(minutes=45)
 
+    GRID_SIDE_LENGTHS = [707, 1000, 1414]
+
     DATABASE_URI = os.getenv('DATABASE_URI')
 
     # The PostgreSQL schema that holds the tables with the original data.

src/urban_meal_delivery/console/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+"""Provide CLI scripts for the project."""
+
+from urban_meal_delivery.console import gridify
+from urban_meal_delivery.console import main
+
+
+cli = main.entry_point
+
+cli.add_command(gridify.gridify)

src/urban_meal_delivery/console/decorators.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+"""Utils for the CLI scripts."""
+
+import functools
+import os
+import subprocess  # noqa:S404
+import sys
+from typing import Any, Callable
+
+import click
+
+
+def db_revision(rev: str) -> Callable:  # pragma: no cover -> easy to check visually
+    """A decorator ensuring the database is at a given revision."""
+
+    def decorator(func: Callable) -> Callable:
+        @functools.wraps(func)
+        def ensure(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:  # noqa:WPS430
+            """Do not execute the `func` if the revision does not match."""
+            if not os.getenv('TESTING'):
+                result = subprocess.run(  # noqa:S603,S607
+                    ['alembic', 'current'],
+                    capture_output=True,
+                    check=False,
+                    encoding='utf8',
+                )
+
+                if not result.stdout.startswith(rev):
+                    click.echo(
+                        click.style(f'Database is not at revision {rev}', fg='red'),
+                    )
+                    sys.exit(1)
+
+            return func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        return ensure
+
+    return decorator

src/urban_meal_delivery/console/gridify.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+"""CLI script to create pixel grids."""
+
+import click
+
+from urban_meal_delivery import config
+from urban_meal_delivery import db
+from urban_meal_delivery.console import decorators
+
+
+@click.command()
+@decorators.db_revision('888e352d7526')
+def gridify() -> None:  # pragma: no cover  note:b1f68d24
+    """Create grids for all cities.
+
+    This command creates grids with pixels of various
+    side lengths (specified in `urban_meal_delivery.config`).
+
+    Pixels are only generated if they contain at least one
+    (pickup or delivery) address.
+
+    All data are persisted to the database.
+    """
+    cities = db.session.query(db.City).all()
+    click.echo(f'{len(cities)} cities retrieved from the database')
+
+    for city in cities:
+        click.echo(f'\nCreating grids for {city.name}')
+
+        for side_length in config.GRID_SIDE_LENGTHS:
+            click.echo(f'Creating grid with a side length of {side_length} meters')
+
+            grid = db.Grid.gridify(city=city, side_length=side_length)
+            db.session.add(grid)
+
+            click.echo(f' -> created {len(grid.pixels)} pixels')
+
+        # The number of assigned addresses is the same across different `side_length`s.
+        db.session.flush()  # necessary for the query to work
+        n_assigned = (
+            db.session.query(db.AddressPixelAssociation)
+            .filter(db.AddressPixelAssociation.grid_id == grid.id)
+            .count()
+        )
+        click.echo(
+            f'=> assigned {n_assigned} out of {len(city.addresses)} addresses in {city.name}',  # noqa:E501
+        )
+
+    db.session.commit()

src/urban_meal_delivery/console/main.py

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-"""Provide CLI scripts for the project."""
+"""The entry point for all CLI scripts in the project."""
 
 from typing import Any
 
 import click
-from click.core import Context
+from click import core as cli_core
 
 import urban_meal_delivery
 
 
-def show_version(ctx: Context, _param: Any, value: bool) -> None:
+def show_version(ctx: cli_core.Context, _param: Any, value: bool) -> None:
     """Show the package's version."""
     # If --version / -V is NOT passed in,
     # continue with the command.
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def show_version(ctx: Context, _param: Any, value: bool) -> None:
     ctx.exit()
 
 
-@click.command()
+@click.group()
 @click.option(
     '--version',
     '-V',
@@ -33,5 +33,5 @@ def show_version(ctx: Context, _param: Any, value: bool) -> None:
     is_eager=True,
     expose_value=False,
 )
-def main() -> None:
+def entry_point() -> None:
     """The urban-meal-delivery research project."""

src/urban_meal_delivery/db/connection.py

@@ -10,15 +10,17 @@ That is the case on the CI server.
 import os
 
 import sqlalchemy as sa
+from sqlalchemy import engine as engine_mod
 from sqlalchemy import orm
 
 import urban_meal_delivery
 
 
 if os.getenv('TESTING'):
-    engine = None
+    # Specify the types explicitly to make mypy happy.
-    connection = None
+    engine: engine_mod.Engine = None
-    session = None
+    connection: engine_mod.Connection = None
+    session: orm.Session = None
 
 else:  # pragma: no cover
     engine = sa.create_engine(urban_meal_delivery.config.DATABASE_URI)

src/urban_meal_delivery/db/grids.py

@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ class Grid(meta.Base):
     def gridify(cls, city: db.City, side_length: int) -> db.Grid:
         """Create a fully populated `Grid` for a `city`.
 
-        The created `Grid` contains only the `Pixel`s for which
+        The `Grid` contains only `Pixel`s that have at least one `Address`.
-        there is at least one `Address` in it.
+        `Address` objects outside the `city`'s viewport are discarded.
 
         Args:
             city: city for which the grid is created
@@ -69,28 +69,30 @@ class Grid(meta.Base):
         """
         grid = cls(city=city, side_length=side_length)
 
-        # Create `Pixel` objects covering the entire `city`.
+        # `Pixel`s grouped by `.n_x`-`.n_y` coordinates.
-        # Note: `+1` so that `city.northeast` corner is on the grid.
+        pixels = {}
-        possible_pixels = [
-            db.Pixel(n_x=n_x, n_y=n_y)
-            for n_x in range((city.total_x // side_length) + 1)
-            for n_y in range((city.total_y // side_length) + 1)
-        ]
-
-        # For convenient lookup by `.n_x`-`.n_y` coordinates.
-        pixel_map = {(pixel.n_x, pixel.n_y): pixel for pixel in possible_pixels}
 
         for address in city.addresses:
-            # Determine which `pixel` the `address` belongs to.
+            # Check if an `address` is not within the `city`'s viewport, ...
-            n_x = address.x // side_length
+            not_within_city_viewport = (
-            n_y = address.y // side_length
+                address.x < 0
-            pixel = pixel_map[n_x, n_y]
+                or address.x > city.total_x
+                or address.y < 0
+                or address.y > city.total_y
+            )
+            # ... and, if so, the `address` does not belong to any `Pixel`.
+            if not_within_city_viewport:
+                continue
+
+            # Determine which `pixel` the `address` belongs to ...
+            n_x, n_y = address.x // side_length, address.y // side_length
+            # ... and create a new `Pixel` object if necessary.
+            if (n_x, n_y) not in pixels:
+                pixels[(n_x, n_y)] = db.Pixel(grid=grid, n_x=n_x, n_y=n_y)
+            pixel = pixels[(n_x, n_y)]
 
             # Create an association between the `address` and `pixel`.
             assoc = db.AddressPixelAssociation(address=address, pixel=pixel)
             pixel.addresses.append(assoc)
 
-        # Only keep `pixel`s that contain at least one `Address`.
-        grid.pixels = [pixel for pixel in pixel_map.values() if pixel.addresses]
-
         return grid

tests/conftest.py

@@ -1,8 +1,20 @@
-"""Utils for testing the entire package."""
+"""Fixtures for testing the entire package.
+
+The ORM related fixtures are placed here too as some integration tests
+in the CLI layer need access to the database.
+"""
 
 import os
 
+import pytest
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import command as migrations_cmd
+from alembic import config as migrations_config
+from sqlalchemy import orm
+
+from tests.db import fake_data
 from urban_meal_delivery import config
+from urban_meal_delivery import db
 
 
 # The TESTING environment variable is set
@@ -12,3 +24,93 @@ if not os.getenv('TESTING'):
 
 if not config.TESTING:
     raise RuntimeError('The testing configuration was not loaded')
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope='session', params=['all_at_once', 'sequentially'])
+def db_connection(request):
+    """Create all tables given the ORM models.
+
+    The tables are put into a distinct PostgreSQL schema
+    that is removed after all tests are over.
+
+    The database connection used to do that is yielded.
+
+    There are two modes for this fixture:
+
+    - "all_at_once": build up the tables all at once with MetaData.create_all()
+    - "sequentially": build up the tables sequentially with `alembic upgrade head`
+
+    This ensures that Alembic's migration files are consistent.
+    """
+    # We need a fresh database connection for each of the two `params`.
+    # Otherwise, the first test of the parameter run second will fail.
+    engine = sa.create_engine(config.DATABASE_URI)
+    connection = engine.connect()
+
+    # Monkey patch the package's global `engine` and `connection` objects,
+    # just in case if it is used somewhere in the code base.
+    db.engine = engine
+    db.connection = connection
+
+    if request.param == 'all_at_once':
+        connection.execute(f'CREATE SCHEMA {config.CLEAN_SCHEMA};')
+        db.Base.metadata.create_all(connection)
+    else:
+        cfg = migrations_config.Config('alembic.ini')
+        migrations_cmd.upgrade(cfg, 'head')
+
+    try:
+        yield connection
+
+    finally:
+        connection.execute(f'DROP SCHEMA {config.CLEAN_SCHEMA} CASCADE;')
+
+        if request.param == 'sequentially':
+            tmp_alembic_version = f'{config.ALEMBIC_TABLE}_{config.CLEAN_SCHEMA}'
+            connection.execute(
+                f'DROP TABLE {config.ALEMBIC_TABLE_SCHEMA}.{tmp_alembic_version};',
+            )
+
+        connection.close()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def db_session(db_connection):
+    """A SQLAlchemy session that rolls back everything after a test case."""
+    # Begin the outermost transaction
+    # that is rolled back at the end of each test case.
+    transaction = db_connection.begin()
+
+    # Create a session bound to the same connection as the `transaction`.
+    # Using any other session would not result in the roll back.
+    session = orm.sessionmaker()(bind=db_connection)
+
+    # Monkey patch the package's global `session` object,
+    # which is used heavily in the code base.
+    db.session = session
+
+    try:
+        yield session
+
+    finally:
+        session.close()
+        transaction.rollback()
+
+
+# Import the fixtures from the `fake_data` sub-package.
+
+make_address = fake_data.make_address
+make_courier = fake_data.make_courier
+make_customer = fake_data.make_customer
+make_order = fake_data.make_order
+make_restaurant = fake_data.make_restaurant
+
+address = fake_data.address
+city = fake_data.city
+city_data = fake_data.city_data
+courier = fake_data.courier
+customer = fake_data.customer
+order = fake_data.order
+restaurant = fake_data.restaurant
+grid = fake_data.grid
+pixel = fake_data.pixel

tests/console/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""Test the CLI scripts in the urban-meal-delivery package.
+
+Some tests require a database. Therefore, the corresponding code is excluded
+from coverage reporting with "pragma: no cover" (grep:b1f68d24).
+"""

tests/console/conftest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+"""Fixture for testing the CLI scripts."""
+
+import pytest
+from click import testing as click_testing
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def cli() -> click_testing.CliRunner:
+    """Initialize Click's CLI Test Runner."""
+    return click_testing.CliRunner()

tests/console/test_gridify.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+"""Integration test for the `urban_meal_delivery.console.gridify` module."""
+
+import pytest
+
+import urban_meal_delivery
+from urban_meal_delivery import db
+from urban_meal_delivery.console import gridify
+
+
+@pytest.mark.db
+def test_four_pixels_with_two_addresses(
+    cli, db_session, monkeypatch, city, make_address,
+):
+    """Two `Address` objects in distinct `Pixel` objects.
+
+    This is roughly the same test case as
+    `tests.db.test_grids.test_four_pixels_with_two_addresses`.
+    The difference is that the result is written to the database.
+    """
+    # Create two `Address` objects in distinct `Pixel`s.
+    city.addresses = [
+        # One `Address` in the lower-left `Pixel`, ...
+        make_address(latitude=48.8357377, longitude=2.2517412),
+        # ... and another one in the upper-right one.
+        make_address(latitude=48.8898312, longitude=2.4357622),
+    ]
+
+    db_session.add(city)
+    db_session.commit()
+
+    side_length = max(city.total_x // 2, city.total_y // 2) + 1
+
+    # Hack the configuration regarding the grids to be created.
+    monkeypatch.setattr(urban_meal_delivery.config, 'GRID_SIDE_LENGTHS', [side_length])
+
+    result = cli.invoke(gridify.gridify)
+
+    assert result.exit_code == 0
+
+    assert db_session.query(db.Grid).count() == 1
+    assert db_session.query(db.Pixel).count() == 2

tests/console/test_main.py

@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
-"""Test the package's `umd` command-line client."""
+"""Test the package's top-level `umd` CLI command."""
 
 import click
 import pytest
-from click import testing as click_testing
 
-from urban_meal_delivery import console
+from urban_meal_delivery.console import main
 
 
 class TestShowVersion:
-    """Test console.show_version().
+    """Test `console.main.show_version()`.
 
     The function is used as a callback to a click command option.
 
-    show_version() prints the name and version of the installed package to
+    `show_version()` prints the name and version of the installed package to
     stdout. The output looks like this: "{pkg_name}, version {version}".
 
     Development (= non-final) versions are indicated by appending a
@@ -23,12 +22,12 @@ class TestShowVersion:
 
     @pytest.fixture
     def ctx(self) -> click.Context:
-        """Context around the console.main Command."""
+        """Context around the `main.entry_point` Command."""
-        return click.Context(console.main)
+        return click.Context(main.entry_point)
 
     def test_no_version(self, capsys, ctx):
-        """The the early exit branch without any output."""
+        """Test the early exit branch without any output."""
-        console.show_version(ctx, _param='discarded', value=False)
+        main.show_version(ctx, _param='discarded', value=False)
 
         captured = capsys.readouterr()
 
@@ -37,10 +36,10 @@ class TestShowVersion:
     def test_final_version(self, capsys, ctx, monkeypatch):
         """For final versions, NO "development" warning is emitted."""
         version = '1.2.3'
-        monkeypatch.setattr(console.urban_meal_delivery, '__version__', version)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(main.urban_meal_delivery, '__version__', version)
 
         with pytest.raises(click.exceptions.Exit):
-            console.show_version(ctx, _param='discarded', value=True)
+            main.show_version(ctx, _param='discarded', value=True)
 
         captured = capsys.readouterr()
 
@@ -49,18 +48,18 @@ class TestShowVersion:
     def test_develop_version(self, capsys, ctx, monkeypatch):
         """For develop versions, a warning thereof is emitted."""
         version = '1.2.3.dev0'
-        monkeypatch.setattr(console.urban_meal_delivery, '__version__', version)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(main.urban_meal_delivery, '__version__', version)
 
         with pytest.raises(click.exceptions.Exit):
-            console.show_version(ctx, _param='discarded', value=True)
+            main.show_version(ctx, _param='discarded', value=True)
 
         captured = capsys.readouterr()
 
         assert captured.out.strip().endswith(f', version {version} (development)')
 
 
-class TestCLI:
+class TestCLIWithoutCommand:
-    """Test the `umd` CLI utility.
+    """Test the `umd` CLI utility, invoked without any specific command.
 
     The test cases are integration tests.
     Therefore, they are not considered for coverage reporting.
@@ -68,18 +67,12 @@ class TestCLI:
 
     # pylint:disable=no-self-use
 
-    @pytest.fixture
-    def cli(self) -> click_testing.CliRunner:
-        """Initialize Click's CLI Test Runner."""
-        return click_testing.CliRunner()
-
     @pytest.mark.no_cover
     def test_no_options(self, cli):
         """Exit with 0 status code and no output if run without options."""
-        result = cli.invoke(console.main)
+        result = cli.invoke(main.entry_point)
 
         assert result.exit_code == 0
-        assert result.output == ''
 
     # The following test cases validate the --version / -V option.
 
@@ -90,9 +83,9 @@ class TestCLI:
     def test_final_version(self, cli, monkeypatch, option):
         """For final versions, NO "development" warning is emitted."""
         version = '1.2.3'
-        monkeypatch.setattr(console.urban_meal_delivery, '__version__', version)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(main.urban_meal_delivery, '__version__', version)
 
-        result = cli.invoke(console.main, option)
+        result = cli.invoke(main.entry_point, option)
 
         assert result.exit_code == 0
         assert result.output.strip().endswith(f', version {version}')
@@ -102,9 +95,9 @@ class TestCLI:
     def test_develop_version(self, cli, monkeypatch, option):
         """For develop versions, a warning thereof is emitted."""
         version = '1.2.3.dev0'
-        monkeypatch.setattr(console.urban_meal_delivery, '__version__', version)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(main.urban_meal_delivery, '__version__', version)
 
-        result = cli.invoke(console.main, option)
+        result = cli.invoke(main.entry_point, option)
 
         assert result.exit_code == 0
         assert result.output.strip().endswith(f', version {version} (development)')

tests/db/conftest.py

@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-"""Utils for testing the ORM layer."""
-
-import pytest
-import sqlalchemy as sa
-from alembic import command as migrations_cmd
-from alembic import config as migrations_config
-from sqlalchemy import orm
-
-from tests.db import fake_data
-from urban_meal_delivery import config
-from urban_meal_delivery import db
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(scope='session', params=['all_at_once', 'sequentially'])
-def db_connection(request):
-    """Create all tables given the ORM models.
-
-    The tables are put into a distinct PostgreSQL schema
-    that is removed after all tests are over.
-
-    The database connection used to do that is yielded.
-
-    There are two modes for this fixture:
-
-    - "all_at_once": build up the tables all at once with MetaData.create_all()
-    - "sequentially": build up the tables sequentially with `alembic upgrade head`
-
-    This ensures that Alembic's migration files are consistent.
-    """
-    # We need a fresh database connection for each of the two `params`.
-    # Otherwise, the first test of the parameter run second will fail.
-    engine = sa.create_engine(config.DATABASE_URI)
-    connection = engine.connect()
-
-    # Monkey patch the package's global `engine` and `connection` objects,
-    # just in case if it is used somewhere in the code base.
-    db.engine = engine
-    db.connection = connection
-
-    if request.param == 'all_at_once':
-        connection.execute(f'CREATE SCHEMA {config.CLEAN_SCHEMA};')
-        db.Base.metadata.create_all(connection)
-    else:
-        cfg = migrations_config.Config('alembic.ini')
-        migrations_cmd.upgrade(cfg, 'head')
-
-    try:
-        yield connection
-
-    finally:
-        connection.execute(f'DROP SCHEMA {config.CLEAN_SCHEMA} CASCADE;')
-
-        if request.param == 'sequentially':
-            tmp_alembic_version = f'{config.ALEMBIC_TABLE}_{config.CLEAN_SCHEMA}'
-            connection.execute(
-                f'DROP TABLE {config.ALEMBIC_TABLE_SCHEMA}.{tmp_alembic_version};',
-            )
-
-        connection.close()
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def db_session(db_connection):
-    """A SQLAlchemy session that rolls back everything after a test case."""
-    # Begin the outermost transaction
-    # that is rolled back at the end of each test case.
-    transaction = db_connection.begin()
-
-    # Create a session bound to the same connection as the `transaction`.
-    # Using any other session would not result in the roll back.
-    session = orm.sessionmaker()(bind=db_connection)
-
-    # Monkey patch the package's global `session` object,
-    # which is used heavily in the code base.
-    db.session = session
-
-    try:
-        yield session
-
-    finally:
-        session.close()
-        transaction.rollback()
-
-
-# Import the fixtures from the `fake_data` sub-package.
-
-make_address = fake_data.make_address
-make_courier = fake_data.make_courier
-make_customer = fake_data.make_customer
-make_order = fake_data.make_order
-make_restaurant = fake_data.make_restaurant
-
-address = fake_data.address
-city = fake_data.city
-city_data = fake_data.city_data
-courier = fake_data.courier
-customer = fake_data.customer
-order = fake_data.order
-restaurant = fake_data.restaurant
-grid = fake_data.grid
-pixel = fake_data.pixel

tests/db/test_grids.py

@@ -75,11 +75,15 @@ class TestProperties:
 class TestGridification:
     """Test the `Grid.gridify()` constructor."""
 
-    def test_one_pixel_covering_entire_city_without_addresses(self, city):
+    @pytest.mark.no_cover
+    def test_one_pixel_without_addresses(self, city):
         """At the very least, there must be one `Pixel` ...
 
         ... if the `side_length` is greater than both the
         horizontal and vertical distances of the viewport.
+
+        This test case skips the `for`-loop inside `Grid.gridify()`.
+        Interestingly, coverage.py does not see this.
         """
         city.addresses = []
 
@@ -91,7 +95,7 @@ class TestGridification:
         assert isinstance(result, db.Grid)
         assert len(result.pixels) == 0  # noqa:WPS507
 
-    def test_one_pixel_covering_entire_city_with_one_address(self, city, address):
+    def test_one_pixel_with_one_address(self, city, address):
         """At the very least, there must be one `Pixel` ...
 
         ... if the `side_length` is greater than both the
@@ -107,8 +111,66 @@ class TestGridification:
         assert isinstance(result, db.Grid)
         assert len(result.pixels) == 1
 
+    def test_one_pixel_with_two_addresses(self, city, make_address):
+        """At the very least, there must be one `Pixel` ...
+
+        ... if the `side_length` is greater than both the
+        horizontal and vertical distances of the viewport.
+
+        This test case is necessary as `test_one_pixel_with_one_address`
+        does not have to re-use an already created `Pixel` object internally.
+        """
+        city.addresses = [make_address(), make_address()]
+
+        # `+1` as otherwise there would be a second pixel in one direction.
+        side_length = max(city.total_x, city.total_y) + 1
+
+        result = db.Grid.gridify(city=city, side_length=side_length)
+
+        assert isinstance(result, db.Grid)
+        assert len(result.pixels) == 1
+
+    def test_one_pixel_with_address_too_far_south(self, city, address):
+        """An `address` outside the `city`'s viewport is discarded."""
+        # Move the `address` just below `city.southwest`.
+        address.latitude = city.southwest.latitude - 0.1
+
+        city.addresses = [address]
+
+        # `+1` as otherwise there would be a second pixel in one direction.
+        side_length = max(city.total_x, city.total_y) + 1
+
+        result = db.Grid.gridify(city=city, side_length=side_length)
+
+        assert isinstance(result, db.Grid)
+        assert len(result.pixels) == 0  # noqa:WPS507
+
+    @pytest.mark.no_cover
+    def test_one_pixel_with_address_too_far_west(self, city, address):
+        """An `address` outside the `city`'s viewport is discarded.
+
+        This test is a logical sibling to `test_one_pixel_with_address_too_far_south`
+        and therefore redundant.
+        """
+        # Move the `address` just left to `city.southwest`.
+        address.longitude = city.southwest.longitude - 0.1
+
+        city.addresses = [address]
+
+        # `+1` as otherwise there would be a second pixel in one direction.
+        side_length = max(city.total_x, city.total_y) + 1
+
+        result = db.Grid.gridify(city=city, side_length=side_length)
+
+        assert isinstance(result, db.Grid)
+        assert len(result.pixels) == 0  # noqa:WPS507
+
+    @pytest.mark.no_cover
     def test_four_pixels_with_two_addresses(self, city, make_address):
-        """Two `Address` objects in distinct `Pixel` objects."""
+        """Two `Address` objects in distinct `Pixel` objects.
+
+        This test is more of a sanity check.
+        """
         # Create two `Address` objects in distinct `Pixel`s.
         city.addresses = [
             # One `Address` in the lower-left `Pixel`, ...
@@ -136,7 +198,7 @@ class TestGridification:
     def test_make_random_grids(self, db_session, city, make_address, side_length):
         """With 100 random `Address` objects, a grid must have ...
 
-        ... between 1 and a deterministic number of `Pixel` objects.
+        ... between 1 and a deterministic upper bound of `Pixel` objects.
 
         This test creates confidence that the created `Grid`
         objects adhere to the database constraints.