Add OrderHistory.choose_tactical_model()

- the method implements a heuristic from the first research paper
  that chooses the most promising forecasting `*Model` based on
  the average daily demand in a `Pixel` for a given `train_horizon`
- adjust the test scenario => `LONG_TRAIN_HORIZON` becomes `8`
  as that is part of the rule implemented in the heuristic

src/urban_meal_delivery/configuration.py

@@ -48,8 +48,9 @@ class Config:
     # individual orders into time series.
     TIME_STEPS = [60]
 
-    # Training horizons (in full weeks) used
-    # to train the forecasting models.
+    # Training horizons (in full weeks) used to train the forecasting models.
+    # For now, we only use 8 weeks as that was the best performing in
+    # a previous study (note:4f79e8fa).
     TRAINING_HORIZONS = [8]
 
     # The demand forecasting methods used in the simulations.

src/urban_meal_delivery/forecasts/models/__init__.py

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ A future `planning` sub-package will contain the `*Model`s used to plan the
 `Courier`'s shifts a week ahead.
 """  # noqa:RST215
 
+from urban_meal_delivery.forecasts.models.base import ForecastingModelABC
 from urban_meal_delivery.forecasts.models.tactical.horizontal import HorizontalETSModel
 from urban_meal_delivery.forecasts.models.tactical.realtime import RealtimeARIMAModel
 from urban_meal_delivery.forecasts.models.tactical.vertical import VerticalARIMAModel

src/urban_meal_delivery/forecasts/timify.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 """Obtain and work with time series data."""
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import datetime as dt
 from typing import Tuple
 
@@ -7,6 +9,7 @@ import pandas as pd
 
 from urban_meal_delivery import config
 from urban_meal_delivery import db
+from urban_meal_delivery.forecasts import models
 
 
 class OrderHistory:
@@ -502,3 +505,53 @@ class OrderHistory:
         n_days = (last_day - first_day).days + 1
 
         return round(training_ts.sum() / n_days, 1)
+
+    def choose_tactical_model(
+        self, pixel_id: int, predict_day: dt.date, train_horizon: int,
+    ) -> models.ForecastingModelABC:
+        """Choose the most promising forecasting `*Model` for tactical purposes.
+
+        The rules are deduced from "Table 1: Top-3 models by ..." in the article
+        "Real-time demand forecasting for an urban delivery platform", the first
+        research paper published for this `urban-meal-delivery` project.
+
+        According to the research findings in the article "Real-time demand
+        forecasting for an urban delivery platform", the best model is a function
+        of the average daily demand (ADD) and the length of the training horizon.
+
+        For the paper check:
+            https://github.com/webartifex/urban-meal-delivery-demand-forecasting/blob/main/paper.pdf
+            https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1366554520307936
+
+        Args:
+            pixel_id: pixel for which a forecasting `*Model` is chosen
+            predict_day: day for which demand is to be predicted with the `*Model`
+            train_horizon: time horizon available for training the `*Model`
+
+        Returns:
+            most promising forecasting `*Model`
+
+        # noqa:DAR401 RuntimeError
+        """  # noqa:RST215
+        add = self.avg_daily_demand(
+            pixel_id=pixel_id, predict_day=predict_day, train_horizon=train_horizon,
+        )
+
+        # For now, we only make forecasts with 8 weeks
+        # as the training horizon (note:4f79e8fa).
+        if train_horizon == 8:
+            if add >= 25:  # = "high demand"
+                return models.HorizontalETSModel(order_history=self)
+            elif add >= 10:  # = "medium demand"
+                return models.HorizontalETSModel(order_history=self)
+            elif add >= 2.5:  # = "low demand"
+                # TODO: create HorizontalSMAModel
+                return models.HorizontalETSModel(order_history=self)
+
+            # = "no demand"
+            # TODO: create HorizontalTrivialModel
+            return models.HorizontalETSModel(order_history=self)
+
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            'no rule for the given average daily demand and training horizon',
+        )

tests/config.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """Globals used when testing."""
 
-import datetime
+import datetime as dt
 
 from urban_meal_delivery import config
 
@@ -11,10 +11,11 @@ YEAR, MONTH, DAY = 2016, 7, 1
 # The hour when most test cases take place.
 NOON = 12
 
-# `START` and `END` constitute a 22-day time span.
-# That implies a maximum `train_horizon` of `3` as that needs full 7-day weeks.
-START = datetime.datetime(YEAR, MONTH, DAY, config.SERVICE_START, 0)
-END = datetime.datetime(YEAR, MONTH, DAY + 21, config.SERVICE_END, 0)
+# `START` and `END` constitute a 57-day time span, 8 full weeks plus 1 day.
+# That implies a maximum `train_horizon` of `8` as that needs full 7-day weeks.
+START = dt.datetime(YEAR, MONTH, DAY, config.SERVICE_START, 0)
+_end = START + dt.timedelta(days=56)  # `56` as `START` is not included
+END = dt.datetime(_end.year, _end.month, _end.day, config.SERVICE_END, 0)
 
 # Default time steps (in minutes), for example, for `OrderHistory` objects.
 LONG_TIME_STEP = 60
@@ -28,6 +29,6 @@ VERTICAL_FREQUENCY_SHORT = 7 * 24
 
 # Default training horizons, for example, for
 # `OrderHistory.make_horizontal_time_series()`.
-LONG_TRAIN_HORIZON = 3
+LONG_TRAIN_HORIZON = 8
 SHORT_TRAIN_HORIZON = 2
 TRAIN_HORIZONS = (SHORT_TRAIN_HORIZON, LONG_TRAIN_HORIZON)

tests/forecasts/timify/test_avg_daily_demand.py

@@ -1,10 +1,22 @@
-"""Tests for the `OrderHistory.avg_daily_demand()` method."""
+"""Tests for the `OrderHistory.avg_daily_demand()` and ...
+
+`OrderHistory.choose_tactical_model()` methods.
+
+We test both methods together as they take the same input and are really
+two parts of the same conceptual step.
+"""
+
+import pytest
 
 from tests import config as test_config
+from urban_meal_delivery.forecasts import models
 
 
+class TestAverageDailyDemand:
+    """Tests for the `OrderHistory.avg_daily_demand()` method."""
+
     def test_avg_daily_demand_with_constant_demand(
-    order_history, good_pixel_id, predict_at,
+        self, order_history, good_pixel_id, predict_at,
     ):
         """The average daily demand must be the number of time steps ...
 
@@ -21,9 +33,8 @@ def test_avg_daily_demand_with_constant_demand(
 
         assert result == 12.0
 
-
     def test_avg_daily_demand_with_no_demand(
-    order_history, good_pixel_id, predict_at,
+        self, order_history, good_pixel_id, predict_at,
     ):
         """Without demand, the average daily demand must be `0.0`."""
         order_history._data.loc[:, 'n_orders'] = 0
@@ -35,3 +46,100 @@ def test_avg_daily_demand_with_no_demand(
         )
 
         assert result == 0.0
+
+
+class TestChooseTacticalModel:
+    """Tests for the `OrderHistory.choose_tactical_model()` method."""
+
+    def test_best_model_with_high_demand(
+        self, order_history, good_pixel_id, predict_at,
+    ):
+        """With high demand, the average daily demand is `.>= 25.0`."""
+        # With 12 time steps per day, the ADD becomes `36.0`.
+        order_history._data.loc[:, 'n_orders'] = 3
+
+        result = order_history.choose_tactical_model(
+            pixel_id=good_pixel_id,
+            predict_day=predict_at.date(),
+            train_horizon=test_config.LONG_TRAIN_HORIZON,
+        )
+
+        assert isinstance(result, models.HorizontalETSModel)
+
+    def test_best_model_with_medium_demand(
+        self, order_history, good_pixel_id, predict_at,
+    ):
+        """With medium demand, the average daily demand is `>= 10.0` and `< 25.0`."""
+        # With 12 time steps per day, the ADD becomes `24.0`.
+        order_history._data.loc[:, 'n_orders'] = 2
+
+        result = order_history.choose_tactical_model(
+            pixel_id=good_pixel_id,
+            predict_day=predict_at.date(),
+            train_horizon=test_config.LONG_TRAIN_HORIZON,
+        )
+
+        assert isinstance(result, models.HorizontalETSModel)
+
+    def test_best_model_with_low_demand(
+        self, order_history, good_pixel_id, predict_at,
+    ):
+        """With low demand, the average daily demand is `>= 2.5` and `< 10.0`."""
+        # With 12 time steps per day, the ADD becomes `12.0` ...
+        data = order_history._data
+        data.loc[:, 'n_orders'] = 1
+
+        # ... and we set three additional time steps per day to `0`.
+        data.loc[  # noqa:ECE001
+            # all `Pixel`s, all `Order`s in time steps starting at 11 am
+            (slice(None), slice(data.index.levels[1][0], None, 12)),
+            'n_orders',
+        ] = 0
+        data.loc[  # noqa:ECE001
+            # all `Pixel`s, all `Order`s in time steps starting at 12 am
+            (slice(None), slice(data.index.levels[1][1], None, 12)),
+            'n_orders',
+        ] = 0
+        data.loc[  # noqa:ECE001
+            # all `Pixel`s, all `Order`s in time steps starting at 1 pm
+            (slice(None), slice(data.index.levels[1][2], None, 12)),
+            'n_orders',
+        ] = 0
+
+        result = order_history.choose_tactical_model(
+            pixel_id=good_pixel_id,
+            predict_day=predict_at.date(),
+            train_horizon=test_config.LONG_TRAIN_HORIZON,
+        )
+
+        # TODO: this should be the future `HorizontalSMAModel`.
+        assert isinstance(result, models.HorizontalETSModel)
+
+    def test_best_model_with_no_demand(
+        self, order_history, good_pixel_id, predict_at,
+    ):
+        """Without demand, the average daily demand is `< 2.5`."""
+        order_history._data.loc[:, 'n_orders'] = 0
+
+        result = order_history.choose_tactical_model(
+            pixel_id=good_pixel_id,
+            predict_day=predict_at.date(),
+            train_horizon=test_config.LONG_TRAIN_HORIZON,
+        )
+
+        # TODO: this should be the future `HorizontalTrivialModel`.
+        assert isinstance(result, models.HorizontalETSModel)
+
+    def test_best_model_for_unknown_train_horizon(
+        self, order_history, good_pixel_id, predict_at,  # noqa:RST215
+    ):
+        """For `train_horizon`s not included in the rule-based system ...
+
+        ... the method raises a `RuntimeError`.
+        """
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match='no rule'):
+            order_history.choose_tactical_model(
+                pixel_id=good_pixel_id,
+                predict_day=predict_at.date(),
+                train_horizon=test_config.SHORT_TRAIN_HORIZON,
+            )

tests/forecasts/timify/test_make_time_series.py

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ def bad_predict_at():
     ... not a long enough history so that both `SHORT_TRAIN_HORIZON`
     and `LONG_TRAIN_HORIZON` do not work.
     """
-    predict_day = test_config.END - datetime.timedelta(weeks=2, days=1)
+    predict_day = test_config.END - datetime.timedelta(weeks=6, days=1)
     return datetime.datetime(
         predict_day.year, predict_day.month, predict_day.day, test_config.NOON, 0,
     )