Add programming files

- add the code files provided by the instructor
- the programming/files folder with the data files is NOT included
  here due to its size
- add a .gitignore file to exclude the data files' folder

lectures/programming/solutions/Problem_1_Fun_with_Python.py

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Created on Mon Nov 13 21:40:57 2017
+
+@author: Alexander Hillert, Goethe University Frankfurt
+"""
+
+directory="C:/Lehre/Textual Analysis/Programming/Files/"
+
+# Task 1: Open and print
+# Open the Txt-file
+print("\nTask 1 starts here!\n")
+input_file=open(directory+'Fun_with_Python.txt','r')
+input_text=input_file.read()
+# Alternative with one command
+input_text=open(directory+'Fun_with_Python.txt','r').read()
+
+print(input_text)
+
+# Task 2: Write text to output file
+# Create file 'More_fun_with_Python.txt'
+print("\nTask 2 starts here!\n")
+output_file=open(directory+'More_fun_with_Python.txt','w')
+output_file.write("Hallo\n")
+output_file.write(input_text)
+output_file.close()
+
+# Task 3: loop
+print("\nTask 3 starts here!\n")
+# Alternative 1: While loop
+i = 1
+while i<=10:
+    print('Iteration Number: '+str(i))
+    i=i+1
+    # Example of a nested loop
+    j=1
+    while j<3:
+        print('Hallo')
+        j=j+1
+
+# Alternative 2: For loop
+for i in range(0,10):
+    print('Iteration Number: '+str(i))
+# there is also a shorter notation: if there is no lower bound it is assumed to be zero
+for i in range(10):
+    print('Iteration Number: '+str(i))
+
+
+# Task 4: Print text line by line
+# Print text line by line
+print("\nTask 4 starts here!\n")
+line_of_text=input_text.split('\n')
+i=0
+while i<len(line_of_text):
+    print("Line "+str(i+1)+": "+line_of_text[i])
+    i=i+1
+
+# First alternative using a for loop
+for i in range(0,len(line_of_text)):
+    print("Line "+str(i+1)+": "+line_of_text[i])
+    
+    
+# Second alternative
+# for ... in -> for each element of the list do ...
+# line can be any name; it refers to the elements of the list
+i=1
+for line in line_of_text:
+    print("Line "+str(i)+": "+line)
+    i=i+1
+
+
+# Task 5: count 'good'
+# Count how often the word 'good' appears in the text
+print("\nTask 5 starts here!\n")
+number_good=input_text.count('good')
+print(number_good)
+# you can write the command in a shorter format
+print(input_text.count('good'))
+
+# Task 6a
+# Print lines with the word 'good'
+print("\nTask 6a starts here!\n")
+for i in range(len(line_of_text)):
+    if line_of_text[i].count('good')>=1:
+        print(line_of_text[i])
+
+
+# Task 7
+# Print lines that start with the word 'This'
+print("\nTask 7 starts here!\n")
+print("\n'This' with a capital T.\n")
+for i in range(len(line_of_text)):
+    if line_of_text[i].startswith('This')>=1:
+        print(line_of_text[i])
+        
+print("\n'this' with a lower case t.\n")
+for i in range(len(line_of_text)):
+    if line_of_text[i].startswith('this')>=1:
+        print(line_of_text[i])
+
+print("Yes, the command is case sensitive (2 vs. 0 matches)!")
+
+
+# Task 8
+# Replace the word 'good' by 'excellent'
+print("\nTask 8 starts here!\n")
+new_text=input_text.replace("good","excellent")
+print(new_text)
+
+# For illustation only
+print("\nFor illustation only\n")
+for i in range(len(line_of_text)):
+    new_line_of_text=line_of_text[i].replace('good','excellent')
+    # print the new line IF there are a change.
+    if not new_line_of_text==line_of_text[i]:
+        print(new_line_of_text)
+
+input_file.close()
+output_file.close()
+
+print("DONE")